Figure 1.
Changes in pre-, intra-, and postoperative management over the course of the study period (With permission. Courtesy of Professor Nimura). ENBD: Indicates endoscopic naso-biliary drainage; MDCT: Multidetector-row computed tomography; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage; PTCS: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy.