Table 2.

Cross-Sectional Time Series Generalized Estimating Equation Logistic Regression Results: Effect of Changes in States’ Medicaid Payment Rate and Case Mix Reimbursement on the Likelihood of Nursing Homes Achieving a High-Quality Threshold on Four Long-Stay Resident Quality Thresholds: 1999–2005

Medicaid Payment Rate and Case Mix Reimbursement	Activity of Daily Living Decline <5%	Restraint Use <1%	Pressure Ulcer Worsening <2%	Persistent Pain <1%
Consumer Price Index–adjusted Medicaid rate (by $10)	1.092**	0.961**	1.021*	1.055**
Case-mix reimbursement (1/0)	0.943	0.898+	1.067	0.942
Average number of empty beds in county	0.999	1.002	0.997*	0.998
Area Wage Index (by 1 SD)	1.082**	1.124**	0.971*	1.004
Number of admissions per bed	0.767**	1.073**	0.771**	0.919**
Average Nursing Case Mix Index on admission (by 1 SD)	0.815**	0.911**	0.791**	0.938**
% Blacks	1.006**	1.001	0.996**	0.997**

Robust standard errors adjusted for clustering with facility. Quarterly trend terms and facility dummy variables not shown.

The first quarter of 1999 was the reference.

Bold indicates P<.05.

P<**.01,*.05,⁺.10.

SD = standard deviation.