Table 3. Metabolite concentrations in BG, DLPFC and parietal cortex [1H]MRS voxels and group differences.
ANOVA |
Post hoc t-tests—P-valuesb |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Metabolitea | Narrow ASD | Broader ASD | Control | F | P-values | Narrow ASD vs controls | Broad ASD vs controls | Broad ASD vs narrow ASD |
Basal ganglia | Glx | 10.12 (1.14) | 10.43 (1.26) | 12.34 (1.45) | 12.63 | <0.0001c | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.25 |
Cho | 1.205 (0.19) | 1.098 (0.14) | 1.324 (0.19) | 5.83 | 0.006d | 0.212 | 0.004 | 0.44 | |
Cr | 5.097 (0.65) | 5.323 (0.53) | 6.435 (1.25) | 10.02 | 0.0003c | <0.001 | 0.004 | 0.47 | |
NAA | 5.454 (0.81) | 5.486 (0.42) | 6.458 (1.52) | 4.54 | 0.017d | 0.030 | 0.045 | 0.32 | |
DLPFC | Glx | 7.492 (1.11) | 7.156 (1.51) | 8.007 (1.42) | 1.36 | 0.27 | — | — | 0.32 |
Cho | 1.129 (0.21) | 1.110 (0.16) | 1.271 (0.27) | 2.35 | 0.11 | — | — | 0.93 | |
Cr | 4.074 (0.48) | 4.021 (0.49) | 4.602 (0.60) | 5.32 | 0.009d | 0.027 | 0.017 | 0.64 | |
NAA | 5.954 (0.79) | 5.955 (0.47) | 6.660 (0.95) | 4.07 | 0.025d | 0.047 | 0.057 | 0.22 | |
Parietal | Glx | 10.607 (2.79) | 9.790 (1.65) | 11.028 (1.62) | 1.31 | 0.28 | — | — | 0.41 |
Cho | 1.112 (0.37) | 1.048 (0.13) | 1.149 (0.25) | 0.53 | 0.59 | — | — | 0.524 | |
Cr | 5.461 (1.42) | 5.140 (0.81) | 5.382 (0.70) | 0.39 | 0.68 | — | — | 0.19 | |
NAA | 7.998 (2.32) | 7.472 (0.76) | 7.887 (1.06) | 0.48 | 0.62 | — | — | 0.31 |
Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; BG, basal ganglia; Cho, choline; Cr, creatine; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Glx, glutamate and glutamine; [1H]MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAA, N-acetylaspartate.
Data are expressed as mean (s.d.).
Post hoc t-tests comparing ASD cases with controls were only performed when ANOVA was significant at uncorrected P<0.05.
Bold figures show values significant at P=0.05 level, with Bonferroni correction over 12 comparisons, that is, uncorrected P<0.0047.
Significant at P=0.05 level before Bonferroni correction.