Figure 1.
Alcohol-specific metabolomic profiles. Clusterograms show 40 and 18 metabolite concentrations in relation to alcohol consumption in light drinkers (LD) and moderate-to-heavy drinkers (MHD) in (a) males and (b) females, respectively. The additional two-column clusterogram shows the effect of lipid-lowering medication (that is, statins, fibrates, herbal-based lipid-lowering agents) on metabolite concentrations in non-drinkers (ND). Relative concentration of metabolites are represented by x-fold s.d. from overall mean concentrations for groups of alcohol consumption of 5 g day−1. Horizontal axis displays the alcohol concentration in g day−1, while vertical axis represent hierarchical clustering. The 10/5 most significant metabolites separating MHD from LD in males/females are highlighted in blue and pink. (c) Graphic shows receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the set of most significant 10/5 metabolites in males (PC aa C32:1, PC aa C36:1, PC aa C36:5, PC aa C40:4, PC ae C40:6, lysoPC a C17:0, lysoPC a 18:1, SM (OH) C22:1, SM (OH) C22:2, SM (OH) C16:1) and females (PC aa C34:1, PC ae C30:2, PC ae C40:4, lysoPC a C16:1, lysoPC a 17:0). ROC curve displayed as dotted/crossed line represent marker performance in males/females. The area under the ROC curve was calculated for the combined metabolite panel with adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking status, high-density lipoproteins and triglycerides.