Table 2.
Cross-sectional multivariable analyses using logistic regression to explore the relationship between sleep duration and hypertension prevalence at baseline
| Prevalent hypertension at baseline OR (95% CI) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep duration in hours | Prevalent HTN cases, No. | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 4d | Model 5e | Model 6f |
| NHS-II, 2001, ages 37–54 years | |||||||
| ≤5 | 1,304 | 1.63 (1.52–1.75) | 1.57 (1.46–1.69) | 1.55 (1.44–1.66) | 1.35 (1.25–1.45) | 1.20 (1.11–1.30) | 1.31 (1.22–1.42) |
| 6 | 4,217 | 1.25 (1.19–1.30) | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) | 1.22 (1.17–1.28) | 1.14 (1.08–1.19) | 1.09 (1.04–1.15) | 1.14 (1.09–1.20) |
| 7 | 6,102 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 8 | 3,306 | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.96–1.05) | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| ≥9 | 961 | 1.33 (1.23–1.44) | 1.28 (1.18–1.38) | 1.24 (1.15–1.34) | 1.19 (1.10–1.30) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.10 (1.01–1.19) |
| NHS-I, 1986, ages 40–65 years | |||||||
| ≤5 | 1,260 | 1.48 (1.38–1.59) | 1.43 (1.32–1.55) | 1.45 (1.35–1.57) | 1.31 (1.21–1.41) | 1.25 (1.15–1.35) | 1.32 (1.23–1.43) |
| 6 | 5,777 | 1.17 (1.13–1.22) | 1.16 (1.12–1.21) | 1.17 (1.12–1.22) | 1.10 (1.06–1.15) | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | 1.13 (1.09–1.18) |
| 7 | 8,170 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 8 | 5,133 | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 1.07 (1.02–1.11) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) |
| ≥9 | 1,207 | 1.34 (1.24–1.44) | 1.30 (1.20–1.40) | 1.32 (1.25–1.43) | 1.26 (1.17–1.36) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 1.25 (1.16–1.35) |
| NHS-I, 2000, ages 54–79 years | |||||||
| ≤5 | 2,259 | 1.37 (1.28–1.47) | 1.32 (1.23–1.41) | 1.33 (1.24–1.43) | 1.26 (1.18–1.35) | 1.14 (1.06–1.23) | 1.17 (1.09–1.26) |
| 6 | 8,591 | 1.14 (1.09–1.18) | 1.13 (1.08–1.17) | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | 1.10 (1.05–1.14) | 1.06 (1.01–1.10) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) |
| 7 | 13,191 | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
| 8 | 9,571 | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) |
| ≥9 | 2,968 | 1.30 (1.22–1.38) | 1.24 (1.17–1.32) | 1.27 (1.19–1.35) | 1.20 (1.13–1.28) | 1.12 (1.05–1.20) | 1.17 (1.09–1.25) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HTN, Hypertension; OR, odds ratio; NSH-I, Nurses’ Health Survey I; NHS-II, Nurses’ Health Survey II.
aModel 1: Controlling for age.
bModel 2: Controlling for age and diabetes.
cModel 3: Controlling for age and hypercholesterolemia.
dModel 4: Controlling for age and body mass index.
eModel5: Controlling for age, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index, race, Hispanic ethnicity, menopause, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, caffeine, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, aspirin, acetaminophen, nonaspirin Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, family hypertension history, snoring, and shift work.
fModel 6: Controlling for variables in model 5 except body mass index.