Table 2.
Adjusted associations between potential factors and outcomes
| Factor | Initiated Chronic RRT | Initiated Chronic RRT, Sensitivitya | Initiated Chronic RRT, Sensitivityb | Died |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events (n) | 1997 | 1438 | 1997 | 3372 |
| Men, age (yr) | ||||
| 18–49.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50–69.9 | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64)c,d | 0.60 (0.49 to 0.73)c,d | 0.55 (0.47 to 0.65)c,d | 2.51 (1.48 to 4.25)c |
| ≥70 | 0.32 (0.27 to 0.38)c,d | 0.41 (0.33 to 0.50)c,d | 0.33 (0.28 to 0.39)c,d | 5.90 (3.52 to 9.88)c |
| Women, age (yr) | ||||
| 18–49.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50–69.9 | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.78)c,d | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.79)c,d | 0.64 (0.53 to 0.78)c,d | 2.07 (1.29 to 3.34)c |
| ≥70 | 0.21 (0.17 to 0.26)c,d | 0.27 (0.21 to 0.35)c,d | 0.21 (0.17 to 0.26)c,d | 4.81 (3.03 to 7.64)c |
| Aboriginal | 1.49 (1.23 to 1.81)c | 1.15 (0.92 to 1.45) | 1.48 (1.22 to 1.80)c | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) |
| Social assistance | 1.29 (1.10 to 1.50)c | 1.07 (0.89 to 1.30) | 1.29 (1.10 to 1.50)c | 1.13 (0.85 to 1.51) |
| Rural | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.25) | 1.05 (0.89 to 1.25) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.26) | 1.12 (1.00 to 1.25)c |
| Distance (km) | ||||
| ≤50 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 50.1–100 | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.97)c,d | 0.87 (0.74 to 1.03) | 0.84 (0.72 to 0.97)c,d | 0.90 (0.80 to 1.00) |
| 100.1–200 | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.94)c,d | 0.79 (0.63 to 0.99)c,d | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.94)c,d | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.20) |
| >200 | 0.69 (0.59 to 0.82)c,d | 0.71 (0.58 to 0.86)c,d | 0.69 (0.58 to 0.82)c,d | 1.08 (0.95 to 1.23) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes | 1.19 (1.08 to 1.31)c | 1.20 (1.07 to 1.34)c | 1.19 (1.08 to 1.31)c | 0.94 (0.88 to 1.01) |
| Hypertension | 1.21 (1.03 to 1.41)c | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.32) | 1.20 (1.02 to 1.40)c | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.66)c,d |
| Cancer, metastatic | 0.60 (0.43 to 0.85)c,d | 0.68 (0.48 to 0.98)c,d | 0.61 (0.43 to 0.86)c,d | 2.10 (1.85 to 2.39)c |
| Cancer, nonmetastatic | 0.90 (0.78 to 1.03) | 0.84 (0.71 to 0.99)c,d | 0.90 (0.79 to 1.04) | 1.38 (1.27 to 1.50)c |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.06) | 1.08 (0.90 to 1.30) | 0.91 (0.78 to 1.06) | 1.28 (1.17 to 1.39)c |
| COPD | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98)c,d | 0.81 (0.71 to 0.91)c,d | 0.88 (0.79 to 0.98)c,d | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.26)c |
| Dementia | 0.36 (0.27 to 0.47)c,d | 0.34 (0.25 to 0.46)c,d | 0.36 (0.27 to 0.48)c,d | 2.18 (2.01 to 2.36)c |
| Heart failure | 0.91 (0.81 to 1.02) | 0.94 (0.82 to 1.07) | 0.91 (0.82 to 1.02) | 1.58 (1.46 to 1.70)c |
| Mild liver disease | 1.11 (0.89 to 1.39) | 1.15 (0.87 to 1.50) | 1.11 (0.88 to 1.39) | 0.89 (0.72 to 1.11) |
| Moderate/severe liver disease | 1.07 (0.67 to 1.69) | 0.74 (0.37 to 1.50) | 1.08 (0.68 to 1.71) | 1.87 (1.44 to 2.45)c |
| MI | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.10) | 1.02 (0.87 to 1.19) | 0.97 (0.85 to 1.11) | 1.12 (1.03 to 1.22)c |
| Paralysis | 1.11 (0.81 to 1.53) | 1.07 (0.72 to 1.59) | 1.11 (0.81 to 1.53) | 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) |
| Peptic ulcer | 1.22 (1.03 to 1.44)c | 1.02 (0.84 to 1.25) | 1.22 (1.03 to 1.44)c | 1.06 (0.94 to 1.19) |
| PVD | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.33)c | 1.01 (0.86 to 1.18) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34)c | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.08) |
| Rheumatic disease | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.33) | 1.22 (0.95 to 1.57) | 1.06 (0.86 to 1.32) | 1.05 (0.90 to 1.23) |
| Affective disorder | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.24) | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.27) | 1.10 (0.98 to 1.23) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.95)c,d |
| Psychotic disorder | 0.75 (0.56 to 1.01) | 0.71 (0.50 to 1.00) | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.03) | 1.06 (0.92 to 1.23) |
| Proteinuria | ||||
| Heavy/severe | 3.06 (2.75 to 3.42)c | 2.30 (2.02 to 2.62)c | 3.08 (2.76 to 3.43)c | 1.05 (0.97 to 1.14) |
| Not measured | 2.28 (1.98 to 2.64)c | 1.67 (1.38 to 2.02)c | 2.30 (1.99 to 2.65)c | 1.10 (1.00 to 1.20) |
Data are presented as the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) unless otherwise specified. RRT renal replacement therapy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; eGFR, estimated GFR.
a
Limited to participants with eGFR <10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at last measurement during follow-up.
b
Excluded participants with early death (those who died within 6 weeks of first measured eGFR <10 ml/min per 1.73 m2; n=621).
c
Results significant at P<0.05.
d
Confidence limits that round to 1.00 may be >1.00 or <1.00; therefore, their significance status will vary. These results are significant but are associated with a lower likelihood of initiating chronic RRT.