Table 4.

Promoting best interests of the frail renal phenotype

Understand patient perspective in context of geriatric principles, personal history, values, and quality of life needs

Address misunderstandings and concerns

What do dialysis and nondialysis therapies involve?

What is the time and resource commitment?

What are the associated symptoms?

What will get better or continue to deteriorate?

Make recommendations based on prognostic data and goals of care

Negotiate a mutually acceptable plan

Modified from reference 42, with permission.