Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Sample
| Characteristic | Total(N = 1,314) |
Mean ± SD | Blacks(n = 179) |
Mean ± SD | Whites(n = 1,135) |
Mean ± SD | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |||||
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 68.4 ± 9.5 | 67.0 ± 9.6 | 68.6 ± 9.5 | .041 | ||||||
| Male sex | 1,279 | 97.3 | 174 | 97.2 | 1,105 | 97.4 | 1.000 | |||
| Marital status* | .013 | |||||||||
| Not married | 692 | 52.7 | 110 | 61.5 | 582 | 51.4 | ||||
| Married | 620 | 47.3 | 69 | 38.5 | 551 | 48.6 | ||||
| Clinical characteristics† | ||||||||||
| Cardiovascular system | ||||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 123 | 9.4 | 11 | 6.1 | 112 | 9.9 | .129 | |||
| Angina/coronary artery disease | 282 | 21.5 | 32 | 17.9 | 250 | 22.0 | .240 | |||
| Congestive heart failure | 102 | 7.8 | 16 | 8.9 | 86 | 7.6 | .547 | |||
| Arrhythmia | 89 | 6.8 | 6 | 3.4 | 83 | 7.3 | .054 | |||
| Hypertension | 819 | 62.3 | 131 | 73.2 | 688 | 60.6 | .002 | |||
| Venous disease | 36 | 2.7 | 8 | 4.5 | 28 | 2.5 | .137 | |||
| Peripheral artery disease | 92 | 7.0 | 16 | 8.9 | 76 | 6.7 | .344 | |||
| Respiratory system | ||||||||||
| Respiratory disease | 600 | 45.7 | 51 | 28.5 | 549 | 48.4 | < .001 | |||
| GI system | ||||||||||
| Hepatic (liver) disease | 65 | 4.9 | 20 | 11.2 | 45 | 4.0 | < .001 | |||
| Stomach/intestinal (GI) disease | 55 | 4.2 | 8 | 4.5 | 47 | 4.1 | .841 | |||
| Pancreatic disease | 13 | 1.0 | ||||||||
| Renal system | ||||||||||
| End-stage renal disease | 78 | 5.9 | 22 | 12.3 | 56 | 4.9 | < .001 | |||
| Endocrine system | ||||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 304 | 23.1 | 45 | 25.1 | 259 | 22.8 | .505 | |||
| Neurologic system | ||||||||||
| Stroke | 96 | 7.3 | 12 | 6.7 | 84 | 7.4 | .763 | |||
| Dementia | 39 | 3.0 | 5 | 2.8 | 34 | 3.0 | 1.000 | |||
| Paralysis | 12 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Neuromuscular disorder | 5 | 0.4 | ||||||||
| Psychiatric disorder | 210 | 16.0 | 33 | 18.4 | 177 | 15.6 | .380 | |||
| Rheumatologic disorder | 35 | 2.7 | 5 | 2.8 | 30 | 2.6 | 1.000 | |||
| Immunologic system | ||||||||||
| HIV/AIDs | 10 | 0.8 | ||||||||
| Malignancy | ||||||||||
| Second solid tumor (including melanoma) | 179 | 13.6 | 21 | 11.7 | 158 | 13.9 | .483 | |||
| Leukemia and myeloma | 6 | 0.5 | ||||||||
| Lymphoma | 11 | 0.8 | ||||||||
| Substance abuse | ||||||||||
| Alcohol | 170 | 12.9 | 28 | 15.6 | 142 | 12.5 | .280 | |||
| Illicit drugs | 46 | 3.5 | 18 | 10.1 | 28 | 2.5 | < .001 | |||
| Body weight | ||||||||||
| Morbid obesity‡ | 42 | 3.3 | 3 | 1.7 | 39 | 3.6 | .259 | |||
| At least one hospitalization in past year | 380 | 28.9 | 48 | 26.8 | 332 | 29.3 | .536 | |||
| ACE-27 comorbidity score | .747 | |||||||||
| 0 (none) | 113 | 8.6 | 16 | 8.9 | 97 | 8.5 | ||||
| 1 (mild) | 470 | 35.8 | 61 | 34.1 | 409 | 36.0 | ||||
| 2 (moderate) | 355 | 27.0 | 45 | 25.1 | 310 | 27.3 | ||||
| 3 (severe) | 376 | 28.6 | 57 | 31.8 | 319 | 28.1 | ||||
| Poor performance status | 110 | 8.4 | 24 | 13.4 | 86 | 7.6 | .010 | |||
Abbreviations: ACE-27, Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
*
Two patients have unknown marital status and are excluded from the denominator in percentage calculations.
†
With the exception of poor performance status, all clinical characteristics were assessed using the ACE-27; race-specific prevalence rates are not presented for comorbidities with total prevalence ≤ 1%.
‡
BMI ≥ 38 kg/m2. Fifty patients have missing BMI data because of missing weight and/or height. Those with missing data are excluded from the denominator in percentage calculations.