Table 2.
Prevalence and Odds of Having Surgery Based on Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Characteristic | Surgery(n = 909) |
Mean ± SD | No Surgery(n = 405) |
Mean ± SD | OR* | 95% CI | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | ||||||
| Demographic characteristics | |||||||||
| Age, years | 67.0 ± 9.2 | 71.5 ± 9.4 | 0.95 | 0.93 to 0.96 | < .001 | ||||
| Race | .001 | ||||||||
| White | 802 | 88.2 | 333 | 82.2 | 1.00 | ||||
| Black | 107 | 11.8 | 72 | 17.8 | 0.63 | 0.48 to 0.83 | |||
| Marital status† | .106 | ||||||||
| Not married | 466 | 51.3 | 226 | 55.9 | 1.00 | ||||
| Married | 442 | 48.7 | 178 | 44.1 | 1.22 | 0.96 to 1.56 | |||
| Clinical characteristics‡ | |||||||||
| Cardiovascular system | |||||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 77 | 8.5 | 46 | 11.4 | 0.71 | 0.48 to 1.04 | .078 | ||
| Angina/coronary artery disease | 186 | 20.5 | 96 | 23.7 | 0.82 | 0.61 to 1.11 | .196 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 45 | 5.0 | 57 | 14.1 | 0.34 | 0.23 to 0.49 | < .001 | ||
| Arrhythmias | 47 | 5.2 | 42 | 10.4 | 0.48 | 0.31 to 0.75 | .001 | ||
| Hypertension | 550 | 60.5 | 269 | 66.4 | 0.81 | 0.61 to 1.08 | .152 | ||
| Venous disease | 21 | 2.3 | 15 | 3.7 | 0.59 | 0.30 to 1.19 | .141 | ||
| Peripheral artery disease | 57 | 6.3 | 35 | 8.6 | 0.67 | 0.46 to 0.997 | .048 | ||
| Respiratory system | |||||||||
| Respiratory disease | 372 | 40.9 | 228 | 56.3 | 0.55 | 0.44 to 0.70 | < .001 | ||
| Gastrointestinal system | |||||||||
| Hepatic (liver) disease | 49 | 5.4 | 16 | 4.0 | 1.44 | 0.86 to 2.43 | .169 | ||
| Stomach/intestinal (GI) disease | 37 | 4.1 | 18 | 4.4 | 0.91 | 0.52 to 1.58 | .734 | ||
| Renal system | |||||||||
| Renal disease | 39 | 4.3 | 39 | 9.6 | 0.44 | 0.28 to 0.68 | < .001 | ||
| Endocrine system | |||||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 200 | 22.0 | 104 | 25.7 | 0.86 | 0.67 to 1.12 | .268 | ||
| Neurologic system | |||||||||
| Stroke | 58 | 6.4 | 38 | 9.4 | 0.65 | 0.43 to 0.998 | .049 | ||
| Dementia | 21 | 2.3 | 18 | 4.4 | 0.53 | 0.28 to 1.03 | .060 | ||
| Psychiatric disorder | 151 | 16.6 | 59 | 14.6 | 1.22 | 0.86 to 1.73 | .274 | ||
| Rheumatologic disorder | 25 | 2.8 | 10 | 2.5 | 1.22 | 0.55 to 2.70 | .619 | ||
| Malignancy | |||||||||
| Second solid tumor (including melanoma) | 120 | 13.2 | 59 | 14.6 | 0.86 | 0.65 to 1.15 | .324 | ||
| Substance abuse | |||||||||
| Alcohol | 123 | 13.5 | 47 | 11.6 | 1.22 | 0.87 to 1.69 | .250 | ||
| Illicit drugs | 34 | 3.7 | 12 | 3.0 | 1.28 | 0.64 to 2.54 | .482 | ||
| Body weight†§ | |||||||||
| Morbid obesity | 27 | 3.1 | 15 | 3.8 | 0.86 | 0.43 to 1.69 | .657 | ||
| At least one hospitalization in past year | 261 | 28.7 | 119 | 29.4 | 0.99 | 0.74 to 1.32 | .939 | ||
| ACE-27 comorbidity score | < .001 | ||||||||
| 0 (none) | 90 | 9.9 | 23 | 5.7 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1 (mild) | 361 | 39.7 | 109 | 26.9 | 0.91 | 0.50 to 1.67 | .761 | ||
| 2 (moderate) | 256 | 28.2 | 99 | 24.4 | 0.71 | 0.37 to 1.38 | .314 | ||
| 3 (severe) | 202 | 22.2 | 174 | 43.0 | 0.32 | 0.17 to 0.59 | < .001 | ||
| Poor performance status | 33 | 3.6 | 77 | 19.0 | 0.16 | 0.10 to 0.24 | < .001 | ||
Abbreviations: ACE-27, Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation.
ORs and 95% CIs are derived from separate generalized linear models with a logit link accounting for patient clustering within Veterans Administration Medical Centers by using the generalized estimating equations method.
Two patients have unknown marital status and are excluded from the denominator in percentage calculations.
With the exception of poor performance status, all clinical characteristics were assessed using the ACE-27; comorbidities with a prevalence ≤ 1% in total sample (pancreas, paralysis, neuromuscular, leukemia and myeloma, HIV/AIDS, and lymphoma) are excluded from the table.
BMI ≥ 38 kg/m2. Fifty patients have missing BMI data because of missing weight and/or height. Those with missing data are excluded from the denominator in percentage calculations.