Table 1.
Comparison of Human Adenovirus (HAdV)–Positive Group I and Group II Kawasaki Disease (KD) vs HAdV Disease With KD-Like Features (Group III)
| Group I: KD (n = 5) | Group II: KD (n = 5) | Group III: HAdV Disease (n = 26) | *P Value 1 | ^P Value 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (range) | 2.4 (2.1–4.4) | 2.0 (1.7–4.1) | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) | NS | NS |
| Fever on treatment in hospital or ED, d, median (IQR) | 6 (5–9) | 8 (4–10) | 5 (4–7) | NS | NS |
| Bilateral conjunctival injection, No. (%) | 5 (100%) | 4 (80%) | 21 (81%) | NS | NS |
| With exudate or tearing, No. (%) | 0 | 3 (60%) | 7 (27%) | ||
| Mucosal changes of tongue/lips, No. (%) | 5 (100%) | 4 (80%) | 16 (62%) | NS | NS |
| Polymorphous rash, No. (%) | 5 (100%) | 4 (80%) | 13 (50%) | NS | NS |
| Changes of extremities, No. (%) | 5 (100%) | 3 (60%) | 7 (27%) | .047 | NS |
| Unilateral neck swelling, No. (%) | 3 (60%) | 1 (20%) | 1 (3.9%) | .008 | NS |
| Cough, No. (%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (80%) | 13 (50%) | NS | NS |
| Rhinorrhea, No. (%) | 2 (40%) | 3 (60%) | 12 (46%) | NS | NS |
| IVIG resistance, No. (%) | 1 (20%) | 2 (40%) | NA | NA | NA |
| WBC count, median (IQR) | 12.5 (9.1–17.0) | 10.6 (10.1–16.0) | 9.7(6.2–13.0) | NS | NS |
| Platelets, median (IQR) | 290 (218–467) | 367 (265–411) | 265 (247–312) | NS | NS |
| ESR, median (IQR) | 41 (10–56) | 37 (20–76) | 44 (32–51) | NS | NS |
| Albumin, median (IQR) | 3.7 (3.1–3.9) | 3.7 (3.5–4.1) | 3.8 (3.5–4.2) | NS | NS |
| ALT, median (IQR) | 130 (54–165) | 17 (12–202) | 10 (3–17.3) | .001 | NS |
| C-reactive protein, median (IQR) | 4.6 (2.9–16.1) | 4.1 (0.9–4.6) | 3.0 (2.1–5.3) | NS | NS |
| WBCs in urine/HPF, median | 23 | 2 | 1 | .004 | NS |
| Virological data | |||||
| Specimens available, No. | 3 | 3 | 7 | NA | NA |
| AdV threshold count, mean ± SD | 34.4 ± 5.4 | 31.6 ± 9.3 | 27.0 ± 6.6 | .034 | NS |
| Growth in culture, No. (%) | 0/3 (0%) | 1/3 (33%) | 7/7 (100%) | NS | NS |
| HAdV type | C-2 (n = 2), nontypeable (n = 1) | C-1 or C-2 (n = 1), B-3 (n = 1), nontypeable (n = 1) | B-3 (n = 6), B-7 (n = 1) | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: AdV, adenovirus; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ED, emergency department; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HAdV, human adenovirus; HPR, high power field; IQR, interquartile range; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; KD, Kawasaki disease; NA, not applicable; NS, not significant; SD, standard deviation; WBC, white blood cell.
* Group I KD vs AdV disease.
^ Group II KD vs AdV disease.