Table 1.
Intervention | Magnitude | Feasibility | Vulnerable populations | Evidence base | Costs | Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tax raises |
Total population |
Low effort, resistance from industry |
Women, children, youth |
|
For enforcement |
12 |
+++ |
++ |
+++ |
+++ |
+ |
||
Smoking ban in public places |
Most of population |
Difficult to enforce |
Women, children, youth |
|
For enforcement |
11 |
+++ |
+ |
+++ |
+++ |
+ |
||
Advertising ban |
Population amenable to marketing |
Low effort, resistance from industry |
Women, youth |
|
Low |
10 |
++ |
++ |
++ |
+ |
+++ |
||
Warning labels |
Smokers amenable to risk communication |
Low effort, resistance from industry |
Women, youth |
|
Low |
9 |
+ |
++ |
++ |
+ |
+++ |
||
Smoking cessation programs | Smokers willing to quit |
Need to train professionals |
Effects from secondhand smoke |
|
Program costs |
8 |
++ | + | + | +++ | + |
We developed the following criteria for prioritization of future tobacco control policies and programs: magnitude as estimated number of smokers and non-smokers affected; feasibility of policy change vis-a-vis expected political resistance or support from various stakeholders (such as parliament, ministries, administrations, scientific and professional organizations, non-governmental organizations, tobacco industry, etc.); expected impact on vulnerable populations such as youths or women; evidence base for effectiveness and cost-effectiveness; and projected costs associated with instating policies or implementing program in orders of magnitude.
The assigned scores, ranging from + (low effect, less desirable), ++ (medium effect), +++ (high effect, most desirable) for each equally weighed criterion, were summed up for each row to a total score.