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. 2013 Jul 29;8(7):e69251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069251

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© 2013 Hu et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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In the case of polar coordinate, the connection line for point marks the polar axis, the point is regarded as the center for the tips of the double-spiral wave, respectively. Where represents the intersection point for the wavefronts of the double-spirals, and denotes the point of tangency on the wavefront of the outboard spiral wave and the corresponding tangent line is perpendicular to the polar axis.

Inline graphic — In the case of polar coordinate, the connection line for point marks the polar axis, the point is regarded as the center for the tips of the double-spiral wave, respectively. Where represents the intersection point for the wavefronts of the double-spirals, and denotes the point of tangency on the wavefront of the outboard spiral wave and the corresponding tangent line is perpendicular to the polar axis.