Table 1. Baseline characteristics and cardio-metabolic risk factors by parity.
| Number of live births |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (0-1) | 2 | 3 | ≥4 | Trend P b | |
| N | 285 | 389 | 281 | 264 | |
| Age (years) | 29.79 ± 11.76a | 34.27 ± 10.36 | 41.02 ± 10.3 | 45.85 ± 11.01 | <0.001 |
| Education (illiterate, %) | 35.79 | 43.44 | 56.94 | 60.61 | <0.001 |
| Ever use of contraceptives (%) | 16.84 | 21.85 | 19.22 | 11.74 | 0.07 |
| Currently married (%) | 92.28 | 92.8 | 89.32 | 86.74 | 0.041 |
| Use of tobacco products (ever, %) | 9.12 | 17.48 | 19.93 | 22.73 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.94 ± 3.95 | 22.39 ± 3.86 | 22.29 ± 3.91 | 21.62 ± 4.16 | 0.30 |
| Age at first pregnancy (years) | 16.43 ± 7.99 | 18 ± 2.58 | 17.46 ± 2.46 | 17.99 ± 1.85 | 0.001 |
| Age at menarche (years) | 11.93 ± 1.1 | 11.9 ± 1.01 | 11.95 ± 2.13 | 11.79 ± 0.92 | 0.34 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 75.66 ± 8.79 | 78.46 ± 8.78 | 77.54 ± 8.07 | 77.11 ± 8.53 | 0.18 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.65± 1.64 | 5.87 ± 2.48 | 6.12 ± 2.06 | 6.28 ± 2.62 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 113.88 ± 81.7 | 115.02 ± 83.31 | 132.32 ± 134.54 | 140.93 ± 98.84 | <0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 36.99 ± 14.11 | 36.73 ± 14.2 | 38.72 ± 19.39 | 41.38 ± 27.72 | 0.003 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 109.5 ± 17.93 | 112.22 ± 17.78 | 116.01 ± 20.29 | 121.04 ± 22.46 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.23 ± 10.05 | 73.38 ± 9.32 | 74.85± 9.34 | 76.97 ± 10.14 | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein
aValues are mean±SD, all such values.
b On the basis of Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for categorical variables and linear regression analysis for continuous variables, assigning ordinal numbers 1-4 to increasing numbers of children.