EGRT simulation workflow for the clinical patient case (starting from the shaded module on the top left). The workflow is divided into four major segments: imaging, planning, EGRT delivery, and dose evaluation, which is different from that for the digital XCAT patient in the imaging and planning steps. In the imaging step, the emission data are simulated using GATE and the phase information is known a priori. In the planning step, the IMRT plan is optimized using MOSEK and the inverse planning algorithms as discussed in Sec. 2B. Note that the PTV intersection rule is implicitly implemented in the planning scheme.