Table 1.

Demographic and other clinical information of the two study cohorts.

	n	Age Mean years ±SEMa	Female n (%)	African American n (%)	BMI	Smoking status n (%)
Cohort 1 - Sheppard Pratt, Baltimore, MD, USA
Controls	78	34.4±1.4	56 (71.8)	31 (39.7)	-	14 (17.9)
Schizophrenia	141	40.36±0.9b	56 (39.7)d	65 (46.1)	30.54±0.61	83 (58.9)g
Bipolar disorder	75	35.1±1.4	52 (69.3)	18 (24.0)e	27.17±0.77f	26 (34.7)h
Cohort 2 - University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
First-episode schizophrenia -   medicated	38	36.4±2.3	20 (52.6)	-	-	-
First-episode schizophrenia -   unmedicated	78	29.9±1.1c	31 (39.7)	-	-	-

^aSEM refers to standard error of the mean

^bt=−3.69, p<0.0003

^ct=2.94, p<0.004

^dchi²=20.68, p<0.001

^echi²=4.35, p<0.04

^ft=−3.43, p<0.0007; n=121 schizophrenia, n=74 bipolar disorder

^gchi²=34.07, p<0.001

^hchi²=5.53, p<0.02