Table 3.

Population Average HGLM Logistic Regression Model (with robust std. errors) of School Victimization (W2) on Multilevel Predictors with Hypothesized Cross-Level Interactions (1425 children in 168 census tracts) (b/sb).

	1	2	3
Fixed Effects
Intercept	−2.93***	−3.34***	−3.00**
	(.22)	(.24)	(.24)
Individual Level Factors
Residential moves	.15*	.20*	.15*
	(.07)	(.08)	(.07)
Age	.07*	.08	.08*
	(.04)	(.05)	(.04)
Gender (male=1)a	.64***	.77***	.62***
	(.12)	(.15)	(.13)
Hispanicb	−.71**	−.87***	−.67**
	(.23)	(.27)	(.22)
African American	.11	−.06	.18
	(.37)	(.29)	(.27)
Externalizing behavior	.02***	.03***	.03***
problems (W1)	(.01)	(.01)	(.01)
Household SES	.15**	.20**	.30***
	(.05)	(.06)	(.06)
Microsystem
Parent-to-child physical	.19***	.21***	.17***
aggression (W1)	(.05)	(.06)	(.05)
School exposure to	.49*	.59*	.60**
violence (W1)	(.21)	(.25)	(.21)
Public school	.34†	.51*	.32†
	(.18)	(.21)	(.17)
Exosystem
Residential instability	.44***	.57***	.61***
	(.09)	(.13)	(.10)
Concentrated poverty	−.003	−.01	−.002
	(.007)	(.01)	(.008)
Immigrant	−.06	−.12	−.09
concentration	(.09)	(.14)	(.11)
Cross-level Interactions
Residential instability*	.25**
residential moves	(.08)
Concentrated poverty	−.01†
*residential moves	(.01)
Immigrant	−.18**
concentration*	(.06)
residential moves
Residential		−.05
instability* African American		(.24)
Concentrated poverty		.02
*African American		(.01)
Immigrant		−.003
concentration*		(.28)
African American
Residential instability			−.18***
*Family SES			(.05)
Concentrated poverty			.004
*Family SES			(.005)
Immigrant			.19***
concentration*			(.06)
Family SES
Variance components
Between neighborhood variance	1.36***	1.24	1.15***
Level 1 extra-binomial error	.42	.60	.47
Residential moves slope	1.25***
African American slope		2.94†
Family Socio-economic status slope			.57**

^†p≤ .10,

^*p ≤ .05,

^**p ≤ .01,

^***p .001 (two-tailed).

Reference category:

^aGender (0=female)

^bNon-Hispanic White.