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Comparison of xenograft models and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMS)
| Xenograft | GEMM | |
|---|---|---|
| Functional immune system | No | Yes |
| Intact DNA repair mechanisms | No | Yes |
| Stochastic genetic events during tumor progression | No | Yes |
| Faithful tumor stromal interactions | No | Yes |
| Variability of tumor penetrance | No | Yes |
| Tumor latency | Short | Long |
| Ease of tumor response assessment | Easy | Difficult (imaging) |
| Infrastructure needed | Small | Large |
| Differences in human and mouse genomes | N/A | Yes |
