Table 2.

Associations between zip code walkability and active travel, by strata of individual and area-based characteristics

	Walkability index and reporting no episodes of active travel			Walkability index and the number of episodes of active travel
	Odds ratioa	95 % CI	p value for interaction	Exponentiated betab	95 % CI	p value for interaction
Model 1, analyses of zip code walkability and active travel stratified by educational attainment
High school or less N = 3,168	0.92	0.86, 0.98		1.00	0.96, 1.05
More than high school N = 4,896	0.88	0.83, 0.94	0.25	1.04	1.02, 1.07	0.14
Model 2, analyses of zip code walkability and active travel stratified by income in relation to the poverty line
Below 200 % of poverty line N = 2,881	0.91	0.86, 0.96		1.04	1.01, 1.08
Above 200 % of poverty line N = 5,183	0.89	0.84, 0.94	0.48	1.04	1.02, 1.06	0.99
Model 3, analyses of zip code walkability and active travel stratified by race
African–American N = 2,008	0.93	0.86, 1.00		1.08	1.02, 1.14
Non-Hispanic White N = 3,279	0.81	0.76, 0.88	0.01	1.03	1.01, 1.06	0.17
Model 4, analyses of zip code walkability and active travel stratified by ethnicity
Hispanic N = 2,010	0.97	0.89, 1.04		1.02	0.97, 1.07
Non-Hispanic White N = 3,279	0.82	0.76, 0.88	0.002	1.04	1.01, 1.06	0.47
Model 5, analyses of zip code walkability and active travel stratified by zip code level poverty rate
Top quartile of neighborhood poverty N = 1,845	1.09	0.97, 1.22		1.04	0.96, 1.14
Bottom quartile of neighborhood poverty N = 1,955	0.85	0.78, 0.93	0.001	1.05	1.03, 1.08	0.87

^aOdds ratio for reporting no episodes of sustained active travel per 1 unit difference in the walkability index. Analyses adjust for covariates reported in Table 1

^bExponentiated Beta for number of episodes of sustained active travel per 1 unit difference in walkability index. Analyses adjust for covariates reported in Table 1