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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2012 Dec 10;49(10):1931–1942. doi: 10.1037/a0031061

Table 1.

Production Rates per 10 Mins. for Low- (LR) and High-Risk Infant-Initiated Communicative Types at 13 and 18 Months of Age

LRs (N=15)
HRs (N=15)
13 mo. 18 mo. 13 mo. 18 mo.
M (SE) 95% CI M (SE) 95% CI M (SE) 95% CI M (SE) 95% CI


Communication Rate 11.09 (1.01) [9.11, 13.07] 17.02(2.03)a [13.04, 21.00] 8.28 (1.61) [5.12,11.44] 10.55 (1.76)a [7.10,14.00]
CNWVs 8.47 (0.79)a [6.92, 10.02] 5.88 (0.67) [4.57, 7.19] 6.43 (1.23) [4.02, 8.84] 4.03 (0.66)a [2.74, 5.32]
Words 1.17 (0.35) [0.48, 1.86] 8.69 (1.70)a [5.36, 12.02] 0.54 (0.28) [0.00, 1.09] 4.60 (1.46) [1.74, 7.46]
Deictic Gestures 3.18 (0.45) [2.30, 4.06] 7.01 (1.18) [4.70, 9.32] 2.54 (0.82) [0.93, 4.15] 4.45 (0.94) [2.61, 6.29]
Reach/Request 0.88 (0.16)a [0.57, 1.19] 0.49 (0.15) [0.20, 0.78] 0.87 (0.25) [0.38, 1.36] 0.58 (0.13) [0.33, 0.83]
Give 0.61 (0.13) [0.36, 0.86] 1.63 (0.31) [1.02, 2.24] 0.49 (0.15) [0.20, 0.78] 2.37 (0.65) [1.10, 3.64]
Show 0.78 (0.16) [0.47, 1.09] 1.24 (0.33) [0.59, 1.89] 0.22 (0.05) [0.12, 0.32] 0.33 (0.09) [0.15, 0.51]
Point 0.90 (0.39) [0.14, 1.66] 3.64 (0.80) [2.07, 5.21] 0.96 (0.59) [0.00, 2.12] 1.19 (0.37) [0.46, 1.92]
Gestures+CNWVs 1.57 (0.28)b [1.02, 2.12] 2.18 (0.38) [1.44, 2.92] 1.01 (0.42) [0.19, 1.83] 1.47 (0.44) [0.61, 2.33]
Gestures+Words 0.16 (0.07) [0.02, 0.30] 2.38 (0.64) [1.13,3.63] 0.21 (0.15) [0.00, 0.50] 1.08 (0.49) [0.12, 2.04]
Combination Repertoire 3.13 (0.34) [2.46, 3.80] 4.47 (0.53) [3.43, 5.51] 1.67 (0.42) [0.85, 2.49] 3.53 (0.70) [2.16, 4.90]
a

contained no outliers;

b

contained two outliers; all other distributions had a single outlier.