Specific subregions of the anterior hippocampus were smaller in behaviorally depressed female monkeys. (A) Whole and posterior hippocampal volumes were not different, but anterior hippocampal volumes were smaller (t(14) = 2.32, p < 0.05) in depressed compared to nondepressed monkeys, similar to those reported in our previous study (Willard et al., 2009). (B) Nissl-stained coronal section depicting the delineations used for volumetric assessment of subregions. (C) In the anterior hippocampus, subregion volumes were smaller in depressed monkeys (F(1,14) = 5.36, p < 0.05) and differed by subregion (F(3,42) = 6.91, p < 0.001), with significantly smaller anterior CA1/subiculum (p < 0.01) and DG (p < 0.05) volumes. No effects were found in the posterior hippocampus. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.