Alterations in hippocampal neurons were minor in behaviorally depressed female monkeys. (A–B) In the anterior hippocampus, neuron number tended to be lower in depressed monkeys (F(1,14) = 4.12, p < 0.07), but did differ by subregion (F(3,42) = 3.23, p < 0.05), with a trend for fewer DG granule neurons (p < 0.09). No effects were found in the posterior hippocampus. (C) Posterior, but not anterior, DG granule neuron soma size (t(1,14) = 5.05, p < 0.05) was smaller in depressed monkeys. (D) The average pyramidal neuron soma size was lower in depressed animals across all subregions, but no effects were found in the anterior or posterior hippocampus. #p < 0.10; *p < 0.05.