UDG selection scheme. (A) The DNA template for the UDG selection assay is GC-rich and 80 bp in length. An AT-rich region juxtaposed with a degenerate region constitute the compound test site. Correspondingly, a test compound consists of an AT-binding cassette (black circles) juxtaposed with an experimental portion of unknown specificity (white shapes). Typically, two T residues in the bottom strand of the test site are substituted by U. This serves as a UDG-sensitive probe for compound binding. The duplex oligonucleotide with the sequence drawn here is written as N(9)AAAA·UUTT. Separately, several U residues are embedded in the top strand near the 5′ end of the template to prevent the top strand from being amplified. The upstream U residues are embedded in a GC-rich region which constitutes a poor compound binding site. The drawing is not to scale. (B) The U residues are maintained through successive rounds of selection by including them in the PCR primers. (C) U residues in the template are removed by UDG except those protected by compound binding. Templates with abasic sites, such as the top and bottom unbound strands, are not amplified.