Table 3.
Training effects of training group TG (n = 15) and waiting group WG (n = 17) on mathematical performance [Means (SD)].
| Mathematical performance | t1 | t2 | t-score (t2–t1) | F-scored | t3 | t-score (t3–t2) | ESe | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC Additiona | TG | 25.9 (10.8) | 30.0 (14.1) | 2.38* | 3.26+ | 34.4 (17.7) | 1.95+ | 0.31 |
| WG | 27.4 (10.7) | 26.1 (12.0) | −0.56 | 29.4 (11.7) | 1.90+ | |||
| AC Subtractiona | TG | 19.2 (12.7) | 24.7 (17.1) | 2.77* | 5.32* | 28.8 (17.9) | 1.99+ | 0.39 |
| WG | 19.6 (10.2) | 18.9 (10.7) | −0.39 | 26.3 (14.5) | 4.11** | |||
| NL10, meanb | TG | 13.2 (10.1) | 9.3 (10.6) | −2.06+ | 2.56 | 7.5 (5.0) | −0.81 | 0.28 |
| WG | 10.3 (10.4) | 12.3 (11.6) | 0.65 | 6.1 (4.2) | −2.70* | |||
| NL 10, varc | TG | 10.2 (6.3) | 6.9 (6.5) | −2.58* | 4.92* | 6.7 (4.6) | −0.15 | 0.38 |
| WG | 7.4 (6.4) | 9.4 (7.6) | 1.02 | 4.9 (3.3) | −3.10** | |||
| NL100, meanb | TG | 10.2 (4.8) | 9.6 (6.4) | −0.62 | 0.98 | 7.6 (3.3) | −2.24* | 0.18 |
| WG | 13.5 (6.0) | 11.3 (5.7) | −1.72 | 9.3 (7.0) | −1.35 | |||
| NL100, varc | TG | 7.7 (3.4) | 8.2 (5.1) | 0.39 | 0.47 | 6.2 (3.0) | −2.15* | 0.12 |
| WG | 9.7 (4.3) | 9.1 (5.2) | −0.59 | 8.2 (5.8) | −0.79 | |||
| NL1000, meanb | TG | 18.5 (10.9) | 16.1 (7.5) | −1.61 | 0.70 | 12.9 (6.7) | −1.79+ | 0.15 |
| WG | 18.0 (7.3) | 17.4 (8.1) | −0.44 | 12.6 (5.6) | −4.20** | |||
| NL 1000, varc | TG | 13.3 (7.1) | 11.9 (5.7) | −0.84 | 0.00 | 10.0 (6.4) | −1.01 | 0.00 |
| WG | 13.5 (5.6) | 12.0 (5.7) | −1.13 | 10.0 (4.4) | −1.87+ | |||
| Estimationa | TG | 15.1 (3.9) | 14.9 (3.2) | −0.12 | 2.85 | 15.8 (2.1) | 1.25 | 0.29 |
| WG | 13.6 (4.5) | 16.3 (2.2) | 2.25* | 15.9 (2.9) | −0.61 | |||
| NCa | TG | 7.9 (1.9) | 8.1 (1.5) | 0.39 | 0.21 | 8.4 (1.6) | 0.59 | 0.08 |
| WG | 7.4 (2.3) | 7.8 (2.2) | 0.94 | 8.0 (1.8) | 0.19 | |||
| HRT Additiona | TG | 18.7 (5.4) | 20.4 (5.6) | 2.47* | 0.81 | 22.5 (5.4) | 3.46** | 0.16 |
| WG | 18.5 (4.8) | 19.4 (4.3) | 1.27 | 20.4 (5.7) | 1.5 | |||
| HRT Subtractiona | TG | 15.3 (6.1) | 19.8 (5.3) | 4.85*** | 11.38** | 20.2 (6.2) | 0.59 | 0.52 |
| WG | 16.9 (6.3) | 16.9 (5.6) | 0.06 | 18.4 (5.7) | 1.5 |
+
p < 0.1,
*
p < 0.05,
**
p < 0.01,
***
p < 0.001.
a
Number of correctly solved tasks.
b
Distance (percentage) from correct position.
c
Variance of distance (percentage) from correct position.
d
Time (t1–t2) × group.
e
Effect sizes of interaction time (t1–t2) × group. r = 0.10: small effect, r = 0.30: medium effect, r = 0.50: large effect.