Table 1.
Characteristics of mothers and newborns included in the analysis
| Variables | PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood
|
Total N=438 |
P-level | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 0.125 | 0.126–0.318 | > 0.318 | ||||
| per 108 nucleoides n=160 | per 108 nucleoides n=139 | per 108 nucleoides n=139 | ||||
| Maternal age: | ||||||
| mean | 27.69 | 27.42 | 27.38 | 27.51 | ||
| SD | 3.53 | 3.53 | 3.77 | 3.60 | 0.7153 | |
| Maternal education: | ||||||
| elementary | n (%) | 13 (8.1) | 13 (9.4) | 18 (12.9) | 44 (10.0) | 0.1683 |
| secondary | n (%) | 33 (20.6) | 33 (23.7) | 41 (29.5) | 107 (24.4) | |
| higher | n (%) | 114 (71.2) | 93 (66.9) | 80 (57.6) | 287 (65.5) | |
| Pre-pregnancy maternal BMI: | ||||||
| mean | 21.46 | 20.83 | 21.43 | 21.25 | 0.1122 | |
| SD | 3.285 | 2.318 | 2.813 | 2.864 | ||
| Gestational age: (weeks) > 36 | ||||||
| mean | 39.56 | 39.52 | 39.59 | 39.56 | ||
| SD | 1.131 | 1.086 | 1.250 | 1.154 | 0.8718 | |
| Gender: | ||||||
| Boys | n (%) | 87 (54.4) | 68 (48.9) | 69 (49.6) | 224 (51.1) | |
| Girls | n (%) | 73 (45.6) | 71 (51.1) | 70 (50.4) | 214 (48.9) | 0.5859 |
| Birth weight (g): | ||||||
| mean | 3475.8 | 3399.8 | 3444.2 | 3441.6 | ||
| SD | 431.97 | 425.29 | 456.21 | 437.86 | 0.3255 | |
| Residence: | ||||||
| Inner city area | n (%) | 27 (16.9) | 33 (23.7) | 33 (23.7) | 93 (21.2) | 0.2390 |
| Outer city area | n (%) | 133 (83.1) | 106 (76.3) | 106 (76.3) | 345 (78.8) | |
| Prenatal ETS (+) | n (%) | 40 (25.0) | 30 (21.6) | 45 (32.4) | 115 (26.3) | 0.1116 |
| Maternal adducts | ||||||
| mean | 0.207 | 0.261 | 0.317 | 0.263 | 0.0001 | |
| SD | 0.108 | 0.111 | 0.117 | 0.144 | ||