Table 2.

Selected differences between nPEP and PrEP

nPEP	PrEP
Evidence base
Animal studies, case–control studies, feasibility studies	Animal studies, RCTs
Recommended medication
A variety of anti-retrovirals have been studied. Two- or three-drug regimen recommended depending on setting7,15,16	Co-formulated emtricitabine/tenofovir, other medications are being studied
Frequency of intervention
Episodic	Daily (only currently proven regimen)
Duration of intervention
28 days	Ongoing during patterns of risk
Precipitating event
Single high-risk exposure	Pattern of ongoing risk behavior
Lab monitoring
HIV test at baseline, baseline labs (creatinine and/or LFTs) depending on the nPEP regimen used	Baseline HIV test, HBsAg and creatinine, quarterly creatinine and HIV testing
Follow-up care
1-month follow-up for repeat HIV testing and counseling	Quarterly visits for side-effect assessment, rapid HIV testing, kidney function monitoring, adherence and risk-reduction counseling
Requirements for site of delivery
Onsite rapid HIV testing; HIV risk-reduction counseling; prescribing provider	Onsite rapid HIV testing; HIV risk-reduction counseling; prescribing provider; adherence counseling; phlebotomy; lab monitoring; capacity for continuity care with patient on PrEP

HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; LFTs, liver function tests; nPEP, non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis