Table 2.
Prevalence of proposed DSM-5 withdrawal symptoms, and abuse/dependence in 2276 lifetime cannabis users.
| After you cut down or went without marijuana, how much did you experience: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Prevalence (%) | ||
| - Sub-symptoms | Males (N=885) |
Females (N=1391) |
|
| 1. Irritability, anger or aggression | 16.8 | 8.3 | |
| 1.1 Irritability | 15.9 | 7.9 | |
| 1.2 Increased anger | 10.7 | 5.1 | |
| 1.3 Increased aggression | 9.6 | 4.5 | |
| 2. Nervousness or anxiety | 10.5 | 6.7 | |
| 3. Sleep difficulty | 15.9 | 7.5 | |
| 4. Decreased appetite | 9.5 | 5.8 | |
| 5. Restlessness | 15.6 | 7.7 | |
| 6. Depressed mood | 14.0 | 7.8 | |
| 7. Physical symptoms or discomfort | 11.2 | 5.6 | |
| 7.1 Headaches | 5.1 | 3.9 | |
| 7.2 Shakiness | 4.1 | 2.4 | |
| 7.3 Stomach pains | 2.0 | 0.9 | |
| 7.4 Sweating | 8.5 | 3.1 | |
| Proposed DSM-5 Withdrawal Criterion B (≥3 symptoms) | 16.4 | 9.0 | |
| Abuse (≥1 DSM-IV abuse symptoms) | 31.9 | 16.3 | |
| Dependence (≥3 DSM-IV dependence symptoms) | 19.4 | 9.5 | |
| Abuse/dependence (≥1 DSM-IV abuse symptoms and/or ≥3 | 33.3 | 17.5 | |
| DSM_IV dependence symptoms) | |||
Note: Symptom 1 and 7 are subdivided in multiple sub-symptoms, in which one of these sub symptoms was sufficient to be diagnosed as having that particular criterion.