Table 2. Silencing and enhancing transcription of early-response genes to TNF-α by PARP-1 in MHECs^a.

Positive regulation		Negative regulation
Gene	Fold change	Gene	Fold change
Ccl5	1.8	Cx3cl1	1.7
Cxcl5	2.3	Cxcl10	4.4
Ccl7	2.8	Csf2	1.9
E-selectin	1.5	Gem	6.2
Itga5	2.5	Lyl1	2.9
Gadd45b	4.7	Irg1	1.6
Slfn2	3.6
Areg	2.4
Rgs 16	2.7
Ifrd1	1.8
EST (AA420407)	3.3
Zfp46	7.8

^aGenes were classified as PARP-1-dependent genes when their expression in response to TNF-α was changed by a factor of at least 1.5 between PARP-1^+/+ and PARP-1^–/– cells in the microarrays analysis. Fold change expressed the ratio of gene expression in PARP-1^+/+ over PARP-1^–/– cells (positive regulation column) or the ratio of gene expression in PARP-1^–/– over PARP-1^+/+ cells (negative regulation column).