daf-16 (mu86) C. elegans survival in the liquid culture system. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and median, mean, and maximal lifespan of daf-16 (mu86) C. elegans fed alive E. coli (109 or 108 cfu/ml) and UV-killed E. coli (109 or 108 cfu/ml). Dashed red and blue lines indicate Kaplan-Meier survival curves of WT C. elegans fed 109 cfu/ml alive E. coli and 108 cfu/ml UV-killed E. coli, respectively. n = 400 (109 cfu/ml alive E. coli), n = 300 (109 cfu/ml UV-killed E. coli), n = 400 (108 cfu/ml alive E. coli), n = 300 (108 cfu/ml UV-killed E. coli), Log-rank test, p < 0.0001 between alive E. coli at 109 and 108 cfu/ml, between UV-killed E. coli at 109 and 108 cfu/ml, and between 109 cfu/ml alive E. coli at 109 and 109 cfu/ml UV-killed E. coli. Values represent the mean ± SE of the sum of 3 independent experiments.