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Current and next-generation quantum dots (QDs.) (a) Current QDs are often large and elongated nanocrystals with a thick and sticky micellar bilayer and randomly linked bioaffinity molecules. (b) Next-generation QDs will have compact and spherical cores with a thin, inert monolayer coating conjugated to a single biomolecule through a site-specific, high-affinity attachment. Adapted with permission from Reference 10.
