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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Aug 5.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Anal Chem (Palo Alto Calif). 2013 Mar 20;6(1):143–162. doi: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155136

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Quantum dot (QD) size minimization by use of multidentate ligands that contain a mixture of amine and thiol functional groups. (a) The multidentate ligands can wrap around the QD in a closed monolayer conformation, in contrast to the bulky bilayer structure of amphiphilic polymers. (b) A balance of thiol (−SH) and amine (−NH2) functional groups is needed for stable multidentate ligand binding. Abbreviations: DIC, diisopropylcarbodiimide; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; FMOC, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl; NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide. Adapted with permission from Reference 47.