Figure 7.

Immunoprofiling in complex tissues for the identification and characterization of rare cells. (a) Multiplexed quantum dot (QD) imaging in prostate biopsy specimens allows for the differentiation of a benign prostate gland (left) from a gland with a single malignant cell (right), as determined by positive AMACR staining (arrowhead). (b) A four-biomarker panel was used to identify (i) low-abundance Reed–Sternberg cells, (ii) B cells, and (iii) T cells in a heterogeneous lymph node specimen for the diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (left). By use of wavelength-resolved imaging, the QD staining pattern can be analyzed to determine the biomarker expression profile of single cells within the specimen (right), enabling accurate differentiation. Adapted with permission from References 26 and 96.