Table 4.
Multilevel analyses of the effectiveness of the CHANGE! intervention between baseline and follow-up
| Crude modela | Adjusted modelb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Outcome measure |
β or OR (95% CI) |
ICC |
P |
β or OR (95% CI) |
ICC |
P |
| Body size: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Waist circumference (cm) |
−0.95c (0.98, -0.92) |
0.10 |
0.06 |
−0.64c (−1.50, 0.22) |
0.06 |
0.15 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
−0.55c (−1.16, 0.06) |
0.22 |
0.76 |
−0.47c (−1.03, 0.09) |
0.18 |
0.09 |
| BMI z-score |
−0.27c (−0.53, -0.01) |
0.21 |
0.04 |
−0.24c (−0.48, -0.003) |
0.17 |
0.04 |
| Physical activity: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| LPA (min day) |
−2.40c (−18.05, 13.25) |
0.19 |
0.76 |
25.97 (8.04, 43.89) |
0.04 |
0.01 |
| MPA (min/day) |
−3.92c (−9.94, 2.10) |
0.07 |
0.20 |
−3.27c (−13.02, 6.48) |
0.00 |
0.52 |
| VPA (min/day) |
−1.12c (−3.16, 0.92) |
0.00 |
0.28 |
1.73c (−3.25, 6.71) |
0.00 |
0.50 |
| Sedentary time (min/day) |
−0.02c (−18.79, 18.76) |
0.00 |
0.99 |
−8.44c (−53.23, 36.35) |
0.00 |
0.97 |
| Food: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Breakfast |
0.85d (0.03, 1.67) |
- |
0.70 |
1.88d (0.76, 2.99) |
- |
0.27 |
| Fruit |
1.35d (0.69, 2.01) |
- |
0.37 |
0.99d (0.24, 1.74) |
- |
0.99 |
| Vegetables | 1.07d (0.39, 1.75) | - | 0.62 | 1.06d (3.45, 1.78) | - | 0.87 |
Notes. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, ICC intra-class correlation. Values reflect the intervention effects (i.e., between-group differences) between baseline and follow-up. Values in bold denote beta (95% CI) and significance values of outcomes with significant intervention effects (P<0.05).
aAdjusted for group and baseline value of the outcome measure.
bAdditionally adjusted for, sex, SES group, weight status group (physical activity outcome measures were also adjusted for playground area, 20 m SRT performance, average weekly temperature and rainfall at baseline; food outcome measures were also adjusted for MVPA at baseline).
cβ value.
dOdds ratio.