Table 1.
Characteristics of the 3212 participants and their age-adjusted median scores (Interquartile ranges) of physical performance by gender from quantile regression models
| |
<80 years (n = 2211) |
≥80 years (n = 1001) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Grip strength* (Newton) | Balance score (0–60 sec) | Chair stands (/minute) | Walking speed (m/s) | n | Grip strength† (Newton) | Balance score (0–60 sec) | Chair stands (/minute) | Walking speed (m/s) | |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Men |
904 |
365 (313–418) |
36 (16–49) |
26 (19–33) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
260 |
271 (226–320) |
1 (0–6) |
7 (0–15) |
0.7 (0.4-1.0) |
| Women |
1307 |
202 (163–236) |
36 (13–49) |
23 (17–29) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
741 |
149 (124–171) |
1 (0–4) |
7 (0–12) |
0.4 (0.3-0.8) |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Elementary school |
239 |
221 (180–335) |
30 (10–49) |
21 (15–29) |
1.1 (0.7-1.4) |
314 |
162 (128–201) |
1 (0–4) |
6 (0–11) |
0.4 (0.3-0.7) |
| High school |
1059 |
231 (183–327) |
34 (13–49) |
23 (17–29) |
1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
526 |
160 (132–190) |
1 (0–4) |
6 (0–13) |
0.6 (0.3-0.8) |
| University |
913 |
263 (204–358) |
37 (20–49) |
27 (20–33) |
1.3 (1.1-1.4) |
161 |
201 (150–262) |
1 (0–5) |
9 (0–18) |
0.7 (0.4-0.8) |
| Occupational class | ||||||||||
| Manual workers |
395 |
232 (186–325) |
34 (14–49) |
22 (14–27) |
1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
373 |
159 (129–191) |
1 (0–4) |
7 (0–10) |
0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
| Non-manual workers |
1816 |
247 (191–344) |
36 (16–49) |
24 (18–30) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
628 |
167 (136–224) |
1 (0–4) |
7 (0–13) |
0.6 (0.3-0.8) |
| Chronic diseases | ||||||||||
| 0-1 diseases |
1272 |
251 (200–348) |
39 (18–49) |
26 (20–33) |
1.3 (1.0-1.4) |
284 |
169 (138–223) |
1 (0–7) |
10 (0–17) |
0.7 (0.4-1.0) |
| 2+ diseases |
935 |
234 (179–330) |
31 (11–49) |
22 (15–28) |
1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
712 |
162 (131–200) |
1 (0–4) |
6 (0–11) |
0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
| Physical exercise | ||||||||||
| Inactive |
490 |
237 (181–331) |
27 (10–49) |
20 (8–26) |
0.9 (0.7-1.2) |
554 |
161 (129–196) |
0 (0–2) |
0 (0–5) |
0.4 (0.2-0.6) |
| Health-enhancing |
1129 |
237 (189–331) |
38 (16–49) |
24 (18–30) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
381 |
168 (137–216) |
4 (0–7) |
16 (0–14) |
0.7 (0.5-0.9) |
| Fitness-enhancing |
592 |
260 (200–366) |
38 (21–49) |
27 (21–34) |
1.3 (1.0-1.4) |
66 |
178 (142–247) |
5 (0–10) |
20 (0–14) |
0.9 (0.7-1.1) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||||||
| <20 |
76 |
222 (199–278) |
37 (11–49) |
21 (3–29) |
1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
118 |
156 (135–193) |
1 (0–3) |
7 (0–12) |
0.4 (0.3-0.7) |
| 20-24.99 |
843 |
233 (188–317) |
37 (17–49) |
25 (20–33) |
1.3 (1.0-1.4) |
374 |
169 (133–212) |
1 (0–6) |
7 (0–20) |
0.7 (0.4-0.9) |
| 25-29.99 |
940 |
259 (194–368) |
37 (15–49) |
24 (18–29) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
246 |
170 (134–224) |
1 (0–7) |
9 (0–18) |
0.7 (0.4-0.9) |
| ≥30 |
321 |
245 (182–340) |
28 (11–49) |
22 (16–27) |
1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
68 |
159 (136–199) |
1 (0–4) |
8 (0–17) |
0.7 (0.5-0.8) |
| Smoking | ||||||||||
| Never |
912 |
230 (183–319) |
36 (16–49) |
24 (19–30) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
590 |
157 (129–186) |
1 (0–4) |
7 (0–13) |
0.5 (0.3-0.8) |
| Former |
909 |
263 (200–360) |
36 (16–49) |
24 (18–30) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
315 |
180 (147–262) |
1 (0–4) |
7 (0–15) |
0.6 (0.4-0.8) |
| Current |
377 |
240 (196–338) |
36 (16–49) |
22 (17–28) |
1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
76 |
175 (137–237) |
1 (0–5) |
7 (0–13) |
0.6 (0.4-0.8) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||||||
| No or occasional |
565 |
221 (172–293) |
30 (11–49) |
21 (14–27) |
1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
600 |
161 (130–188) |
1 (0–3) |
4 (0–12) |
0.4 (0.2-0.7) |
| Light to moderate |
1217 |
272 (201–368) |
37 (18–49) |
25 (20–33) |
1.1 (1.0-1.4) |
299 |
184 (139–272) |
1 (0–7) |
12 (0–17) |
0.7 (0.4-1.0) |
| Heavy | 419 | 225 (185–284) | 37 (15–49) | 24 (18–29) | 1.1 (1.0-1.4) | 82 | 160 (133–191) | 1 (0–6) | 12 (0–18) | 0.7 (0.5-0.8) |
Grip strength in people <80 years: *=2209 participants; grip strength in people ≥80 years †=946 participants. Imputed values were used for grip strength (n = 92 for people <80 years and n = 461 for people 80+ years), balance (n = 59 for people <80 years and n = 130 for people 80+ years), chair stands (n = 41 for people <80 years and n = 62 for people 80+ years) and walking speed (n = 43 for people <80 years and n = 93 for people 80+ years). Numbers of missing values were 9 for chronic diseases (4 among people <80 years and 5 among people 80+ years), 227 for BMI (32 among people <80 years and 195 among people 80+ years), 33 for smoking (13 among people <80 years and 20 among people 80+ years) and 30 for alcohol consumption (10 among people <80 years and 20 among people 80+ years).