Figure 3.

Ground plan and the modification towards camouflage patterns. (a) Ground plan identified in the dorsal right forewing of an O. excavata male. According to this scheme, the leaf pattern can be dissected into a set of NGP symmetry elements. (b) Ground plan identified in the dorsal right forewing of a T. juno male. Accordingly, these two moth wings share the homologous elements of the symmetry systems (B, C, and BO). The NGP symmetry elements are illustrated by the same colors as in Figure 1.