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| Group | VEGF ± SD (pg/ml) | ICAM-1 ± SD (ng/ml) |
|---|---|---|
| Control |
138.73±64.38 |
484.11±78.41 |
| No DR |
210.7±120.2 |
592.6±119.3 |
| NPDR |
307.0±125.9 |
643.7±108.0 |
| PDR | 404.7±192.5 | 742.8±175.8 |
No DR: no diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: non proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
