Table 1.
Univariable analysis for risk factors associated with persistent Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia (cases) vs. non-persistent Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia (controls)
| Variables | Cases (n = 62) | Controls (n = 186) | OR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (± SD) |
63.77 (± 14.58) |
63.58 (± 14.34) |
|
|
| Male sex |
45 (72.6) |
135 (72.6) |
|
|
| Urinary tract infection |
7 (11.3) |
20 (10.8) |
1.05 (0.43-2.58) |
0.908 |
| Intra-abdominal infection |
12 (19.4) |
22 (11.8) |
1.82 (0.83-4.00) |
0.136 |
| Biliary tract infection |
13 (21.0) |
53 (28.5) |
0.65 (.032-1.32) |
0.236 |
| Liver abscess |
8 (12.9) |
31 (16.7) |
0.73 (0.31-1.72) |
0.469 |
| Pneumonia |
8 (12.9) |
18 (9.7) |
1.36 (0.57-3.20) |
0.487 |
| Primary bacteremia |
9 (14.5) |
34 (18.3) |
0.73 (0.31-1.72) |
0.474 |
| Central venous catheter related infection |
2 (3.2) |
4 (2.2) |
1.50 (0.28-8.19) |
0.640 |
|
Charlson’s CWI score (± SD) |
6.29 (± 3.05) |
5.52 (± 2.94) |
1.14 (1.01-1.28) |
0.037 |
|
ICU admission |
18 (29.0) |
30 (16.1) |
2.12 (1.08-4.16) |
0.029 |
| Presentation with septic shock |
22 (35.5) |
53 (28.5) |
1.35 (0.75-2.44) |
0.316 |
| APACHE-II score (± SD) |
18.97 (± 9.28) |
17.09 (± 8.16) |
1.03 (0.99-1.06) |
0.140 |
| Pitt bacteremia score (± SD) |
2.45 (± 2.67) |
2.17 (± 2.45) |
1.04 (0.94-1.16) |
0.452 |
|
Nosocomial infection |
34 (54.8) |
55 (29.6) |
2.96 (1.61-5.43) |
<0.001 |
| Previous antibiotic use ≤ 1 year |
37 (59.7) |
95 (51.1) |
1.42 (0.79-2.54) |
0.240 |
|
Immunosuppressive therapy ≤ 1 year |
5 (8.1) |
4 (2.2) |
4.46 (1.05-18.95) |
0.043 |
|
History of solid organ transplantation |
4 (6.5) |
2 (1.1) |
10.18 (1.11-93.02) |
0.040 |
|
Invasive procedure ≤ 72 hours before initial BC |
20 (32.3) |
30 (16.1) |
2.56 (1.29-5.07) |
0.007 |
| Neutropenia ≤ 72 hours before initial BC |
11 (17.7) |
31 (16.7) |
1.08 (0.50-2.33) |
0.843 |
| Presence of metastatic infection |
5 (8.1) |
9 (4.8) |
1.67 (0.56-4.97) |
0.360 |
| Inappropriate drainage |
11 (17.7) |
20 (10.8) |
1.81 (0.80-4.07) |
0.154 |
|
Fever on the 2nd day after initial BC |
38 (61.3) |
46 (24.7) |
5.18 (2.64-10.16) |
<0.001 |
| Leukocytosis on the 2nd day after initial BC |
23 (37.1) |
60 (32.3) |
1.22 (0.68-2.19) |
0.499 |
|
Lack of CRP decrease on the 2nd day after initial BC |
26 (41.9) |
43 (23.1) |
2.38 (1.29-4.39) |
0.010 |
|
Unfavorable treatment response on the 2nd day after initial BC |
27 (43.5) |
30 (16.1) |
4.69 (2.27-9.69) |
<0.001 |
|
ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia |
28 (45.2) |
31 (16.7) |
3.99 (2.09-7.63) |
<0.001 |
|
Inappropriate empirical antibiotic use |
22 (35.5) |
24 (12.9) |
4.02 (1.95-8.31) |
<0.001 |
| Length of time to empirical antibiotic administration from initial BC (minute, ± SD) |
182.8 (± 221.3) |
228.4 (± 434.8) |
1.00 (0.99-1.00) |
0.430 |
|
In-hospital mortality |
19 (30.6) |
34 (18.3) |
1.96 (1.02-3.78) |
0.044 |
| Length of hospital stay (day, ± SD) | 45.1 (± 43.0) | 38.6 (± 74.9) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) | 0.524 |
Data are no. (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; CWI, comorbidity weighted index; ICU, intensive care unit; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; BC, blood culture; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESBL, extended-spectrum β -lactamase.