ddc mRNA was expressed from ubiquitous to specific areas in brain during whole developmental stage. Whole mount RNA in situ hybridization was performed using a ddc-specific anti-sense probe on embryos at (A–B) shield stage, (C–D) bud stage, (E–F) 14 hpf, (G–H) 18 hpf, (I–J) 24 hpf, (K–L) 36 hpf, (M–N) 48 hpf, and (O–P) 74 hpf. (Q) was amplified from 36 hpf, 48 hpf, and 74 hpf, respectively. Panels (A), (C), (E), (G), (I), (K), (M) and (O) are dorsal view. The rest are lateral view. Arrowheads, epiphysis (Epi); arrows, direct locus coeruleus (LC); brackets, diencephalic catecholaminergic cluster (DCA); staining in square, raphe nuclei (RN). (R–S) The RT-PCR analysis for ddc expression in time scan and Adult tissue scan.