Table 3. Effects of urban/rural residency and geographical area on hypertension burden in Yemen.
Hypertension | Self-reported BP meas. | Awareness | Treatment | BP control | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factors | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Age (per decades) | 1.91 (1.79–2.03) | 1.21 (1.16–1.26) | 1.13 (0.98–1.30) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 0.66 (0.51–0.85) |
Gender (women) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 1.27 (1.15–1.40) | 1.21 (0.94–1.57) | 1.19 (0.92–1.54) | 1.91 (1.15–3.16) |
Education (categories) | — | — | — | — | — |
Illiterate | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Primary or secondary school | 0.73 (0.62–0.86) | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.90 (0.67–1.22) | 0.84 (0.61–1.14) | 0.94 (0.51–1.74) |
High school or more | 0.55 (0.45–0.68) | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | 0.67 (0.45–1.00) | 0.61 (0.40–0.91) | 1.77 (0.86–3.64) |
Temperature (per °C) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | 1.00 (0.97–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.07 (0.99–1.16) |
Location (rural) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.53 (0.42–0.67) | 0.57 (0.45–0.72) | 0.92 (0.60–1.40) |
Geographical area | — | — | — | — | — |
Capital | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Inland | 1.36 (1.15–1.60) | 0.68 (0.61–0.77) | 0.59 (0.44–0.80) | 0.60 (0.44–0.81) | 0.54 (0.31–0.93) |
Coast | 1.53 (1.25–1.84) | 0.83 (0.71–0.96) | 0.52 (0.35–0.77) | 0.49 (0.33–0.73) | 0.23 (0.14–0.52) |
Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence level; OR, odds ratio.
Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, education and average air temperature at the two survey visits.