Table 4. Effects of urban/rural residency and geographical area on diabetes, abdominal obesity and proteinuria in Yemen.

	Diabetes	Abdominal obesity	Proteinuria
Factors	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Age (per decades)	1.71 (1.56–1.88)	1.60 (1.51–1.70)	0.93 (0.86–1.00)
Gender (women)	1.01 (0.83–1.24)	11.80 (9.87–14.10)	0.69 (0.57–0.83)
Education (categories)	—	—	—
Illiterate	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Primary or secondary school	0.94 (0.75–1.19)	1.15 (0.97–1.35)	0.76 (0.60–0.97)
High school or more	0.68 (0.50–0.91)	0.86 (0.72–1.04)	0.71 (0.55–0.91)
Temperature (per °C)	1.03 (1.00–1.06)	0.96 (0.94–0.98)	0.95 (0.93–0.98)
Location (rural)	0.66 (0.55–0.79)	0.60 (0.53–0.68)	1.55 (1.31–1.85)
Geographical area	—	—	—
Capital	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)	1.00 (Reference)
Inland	1.00 (0.78–1.27)	0.85 (0.72–0.99)	1.52 (1.22–1.88)
Coast	0.88 (0.65–1.20)	0.88 (0.72–1.08)	2.36 (1.81–3.09)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence level; OR, odds ratio.

Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, education and average air temperature at the two survey visits.