Table 4. Effects of urban/rural residency and geographical area on diabetes, abdominal obesity and proteinuria in Yemen.
Diabetes | Abdominal obesity | Proteinuria | |
---|---|---|---|
Factors | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
Age (per decades) | 1.71 (1.56–1.88) | 1.60 (1.51–1.70) | 0.93 (0.86–1.00) |
Gender (women) | 1.01 (0.83–1.24) | 11.80 (9.87–14.10) | 0.69 (0.57–0.83) |
Education (categories) | — | — | — |
Illiterate | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Primary or secondary school | 0.94 (0.75–1.19) | 1.15 (0.97–1.35) | 0.76 (0.60–0.97) |
High school or more | 0.68 (0.50–0.91) | 0.86 (0.72–1.04) | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) |
Temperature (per °C) | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | 0.96 (0.94–0.98) | 0.95 (0.93–0.98) |
Location (rural) | 0.66 (0.55–0.79) | 0.60 (0.53–0.68) | 1.55 (1.31–1.85) |
Geographical area | — | — | — |
Capital | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) | 1.00 (Reference) |
Inland | 1.00 (0.78–1.27) | 0.85 (0.72–0.99) | 1.52 (1.22–1.88) |
Coast | 0.88 (0.65–1.20) | 0.88 (0.72–1.08) | 2.36 (1.81–3.09) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence level; OR, odds ratio.
Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, education and average air temperature at the two survey visits.