TABLE 3.
HAZARD RATIOS FOR ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN 2003–2007 FOR AN INTERQUARTILE RANGE CHANGE IN 2002 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS
| |
PM10 (n = 830,842) |
PM2.5 (n = 830,842) |
SO2 (n = 823,442) |
NO2 (n = 830,429) |
O3 (n = 824,654) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Variables Adjusted For | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI |
| + age, sex |
1.08 |
1.05–1.11 |
1.09 |
1.06–1.12 |
1.07 |
1.05–1.09 |
1.09 |
1.06–1.12 |
0.93 |
0.90–0.96 |
| + age, sex, smoking, BMI |
1.06 |
1.04–1.09 |
1.07 |
1.05–1.10 |
1.06 |
1.04–1.08 |
1.07 |
1.04–1.11 |
0.94 |
0.91–0.96 |
| + age, sex, smoking, BMI, income* |
1.02 |
1.00–1.04 |
1.02 |
1.00–1.05 |
1.04 |
1.03–1.05 |
1.03 |
1.00–1.05 |
0.93 |
0.90–0.96 |
| + age, sex, smoking, BMI, employment* |
1.04 |
1.01–1.06 |
1.04 |
1.02–1.07 |
1.03 |
1.02–1.05 |
1.04 |
1.01–1.07 |
0.94 |
0.91–0.97 |
| + age, sex, smoking, BMI, education* |
1.04 |
1.02–1.06 |
1.04 |
1.02–1.06 |
1.03 |
1.01–1.05 |
1.06 |
1.03–1.08 |
0.96 |
0.93–0.98 |
| 10 unit change (income model) | 1.07 | 0.99–1.16 | 1.13 | 1.00–1.27 | 1.20 | 1.12–1.28 | 1.02 | 1.00–1.05 | 0.86 | 0.78–0.94 |
Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; O3 = ozone; PM2.5 = particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm; PM10 = particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm; SO2 = sulfur dioxide.
Number of deaths for each pollutant analysis was as follows: PM10/PM2.5 = 82,475; SO2 = 81,636; NO2 = 82,421; O3 = 81,627. Interquartile ranges for each pollutant were as follows: PM10 = 3.0 μg/m3; PM2.5 = 1.9 μg/m3; SO2 = 2.2 μg/m3; NO2 = 10.7 μg/m3; O3 = 3.0 μg/m3.
*
Census deprivation score.