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. 2013 Jun 1;187(11):1226–1233. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201210-1758OC

TABLE 4.

HAZARD RATIOS FOR SPECIFIC CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN 2003–2007 FOR AN INTERQUARTILE RANGE CHANGE IN 2002 POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS

 
PM10 (n = 830,842)
PM2.5 (n = 830,842)
SO2 (n = 823,442)
NO2 (n = 830,429)
O3 (n = 824,654)
Cause of Death and Baseline Variables Adjusted For HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI HR 95% CI
Circulatory*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 + age, sex
1.06
1.03–1.09
1.07
1.03–1.10
1.07
1.05–1.09
1.07
1.03–1.10
0.94
0.91–0.97
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI
1.05
1.02–1.08
1.05
1.02–1.09
1.06
1.04–1.08
1.05
1.02–1.09
0.95
0.92–0.97
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI, income
1.00
0.97–1.03
1.00
0.97–1.03
1.04
1.03–1.06
1.00
0.97–1.03
0.96
0.94–0.99
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI, education
1.02
0.99–1.04
1.02
1.00–1.05
1.03
1.01–1.05
1.03
1.00–1.07
0.96
0.94–0.98
Respiratory*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 + age, sex
1.19
1.14–1.24
1.20
1.15–1.25
1.13
1.09–1.17
1.22
1.16–1.27
0.89
0.85–0.94
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI
1.16
1.12–1.21
1.17
1.12–1.22
1.12
1.09–1.15
1.17
1.12–1.23
0.91
0.87–0.95
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI, income
1.08
1.04–1.12
1.09
1.05–1.13
1.09
1.06–1.12
1.09
1.04–1.14
0.94
0.90–0.97
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI, education
1.11
1.08–1.15
1.12
1.08–1.16
1.07
1.04–1.10
1.15
1.10–1.20
0.93
0.90–0.96
Lung cancer*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 + age, sex
1.12
1.05–1.20
1.14
1.07–1.22
1.10
1.05–1.15
1.20
1.12–1.27
0.89
0.84–0.95
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI
1.07
1.02–1.13
1.08
1.03–1.14
1.07
1.03–1.11
1.13
1.07–1.19
0.92
0.88–0.97
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI, income
1.01
0.96–1.06
1.02
0.97–1.07
1.05
1.01–1.08
1.06
1.00–1.12
0.94
0.90–0.99
 + age, sex, smoking, BMI, education 1.03 0.98–1.08 1.04 0.99–1.09 1.03 0.99–1.06 1.11 1.05–1.17 0.94 0.90–0.98

Definition of abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; NO2 = nitrogen dioxide; O3 = ozone; PM2.5 = particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm; PM10 = particulate matter with a median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm; SO2 = sulfur dioxide.

Interquartile ranges for each pollutant were as follows: PM10 = 3.0 μg/m3; PM2.5 = 1.9 μg/m3; SO2 = 2.2μg/m3; NO2 = 10.7 μg/m3; O3 = 3.0 μg/m3.

*

Number of deaths for each pollutant analysis was as follows. Circulatory: PM10/PM2.5 = 28,743; SO2 = 28,441; NO2 = 28,726; O3 = 28,427. Respiratory: PM10/PM2.5 = 10,508; SO2 = 10,408; NO2 = 10,500; O3 = 10,437. Lung cancer: PM10/PM2.5 = 5,244; SO2 = 5,192; NO2 = 5,241; O3 = 5,210.

Census deprivation score. Results adjusting for employment were similar to those adjusting for education (data not shown).