TABLE 2.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSES OF ASSOCIATION OF INCREASING PM2.5 AND NO2 CONCENTRATIONS IN MAIN LIVING AREA WITH HEALTH OUTCOMES IN FORMER SMOKERS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
| |
Per 10 μg/m3 Increase in PM2.5 |
Per 20 ppb Increase NO2 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | P Value | 95% CI | β | P Value | 95% CI | ||||||
| |
Lung Function |
||||||||||
| FEV1 % predicted |
0.20 |
0.70 |
(−0.82 to 1.22) |
1.06 |
0.19 |
(0.54 to 2.66) |
|||||
| |
Respiratory Symptoms |
||||||||||
| MMRC (dyspnea) |
0.11 |
0.06 |
(0.006 to 0.24) |
0.42 |
<0.001 |
(0.19 to 0.65) |
|||||
| Wheeze |
0.27 |
0.001 |
(0.11 to 0.43) |
−0.19 |
0.24 |
(−0.51 to 0.13) |
|||||
| Nocturnal symptoms (OR) |
1.44 |
0.01 |
(1.08 to 1.93) |
1.12 |
0.72 |
(0.59 to 2.14) |
|||||
| Usual cough (OR) |
1.05 |
0.75 |
(0.79 to 1.39) |
0.98 |
0.89 |
(0.56 to 1.65) |
|||||
| Usual phlegm (OR) |
1.26 |
0.09 |
(0.96 to 1.64) |
0.74 |
0.24 |
(0.44 to 1.22) |
|||||
| |
Rescue Medication Use |
||||||||||
| Frequency of inhaler use |
0.11 |
0.01 |
(0.02 to 0.20) |
0.18 |
0.02 |
(0.03 to 0.32) |
|||||
| |
Quality of Life |
||||||||||
| SGRQ |
1.52 |
0.05 |
(−0.00 to 3.04) |
0.93 |
0.48 |
(−1.67 to 3.53) |
|||||
| |
Exacerbations |
||||||||||
| |
OR |
P Value |
95% CI |
OR |
P Value |
95% CI |
|||||
| Any exacerbations |
1.05 |
0.79 |
(0.73 to 1.50) |
1.15 |
0.67 |
(0.61 to 2.17) |
|||||
| Severe exacerbations | 1.50 | 0.03 | (1.04 to 2.18) | 1.86 | 0.16 | (0.79 to 4.40) | |||||
Definition of abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; MMRC = Modified Medical Research Council; OR = odds ratio; PM2.5 = particulate matter with aerodynamic size less than or equal to 2.5 μm; SGRQ = St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.
Adjusted models include adjustment for age, sex, education, season of sampling, and baseline prebronchodilator % predicted FEV1. Lung function models do not adjust for baseline FEV1. PM2.5 and NO2 were included in models simultaneously to account for independent effects of each pollutant.