Table 4. Prevalence Of Clinical Risk Factors In South African And Dutch Vascular Patients.

Clinical risk factor	South African patients (n = 283)	Rotterdam study6 (n = 1332)	p-value
Male gender	182 (64%)	964 (72%)	0.007
Ischaemic heart disease	188 (66%)	601 (45%)	< 0.001
Congestive cardiac failure	6 (2%)	105 (8%)	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular accident	87 (31%)	101 (8%)	< 0.001
Diabetes	124 (44%)	229 (17%)	< 0.001
Hypertension	209 (74%)	609 (46%)	< 0.001
Serum creatinine > 180 μmol.l-1	15 (6%)*	67 (5%)†	0.88
Pre-operative beta-blockers	86 (30%)	335 (25%)	0.07
Pre-operative statins	66 (20%)	257 (19%)	0.17

*Denominator 263 patients; ^†renal dysfunction.