The effect of IL10 and TGFβ1 on inflammatory factor expression in canine AD skin in the protein level. (a) Treatment with IL10 or TGFβ1 significantly downregulated the expression of ED1, Cox2, MPO, (b) iNOS, eNOS, NOX4, (c) and IKKα, IKKβ, IKBα and RelA at the protein or transcript level compared with PBS- or hydrocortisone aceponate-treated AD skin. (d) A histological analysis of IL10- or TGFβ1-treated canine AD skin was used to determine the effects of both factors during ROS accumulation and keratinocyte cell death. (e) The effect of the cATSC extract, IL10, TGFβ1, anti-IL10 or anti-TGFβ1 on the expression of the keratinocyte genes KRT6A, KRT6B and KRT16 at the transcript level (*P<0.05, **P<0.01)