Table 1. Summary of study designs and cognitive outcomes.
| Author | Almeida et al.41 2004 | Salminen et al.40 2005 | Mohile and Lacy42 2010 | Cherrier et al. 472003 | Jenkins et al.46 2005 | Cherrier et al.48 2009 | Green et al.50 2002 | Green et al.49 2004 | Alibhai et al.132010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Testing Timeline | Pre treatment baseline | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ADT | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | - | X | |
| Washout | X | - | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | |
| Design:N (initial enrollment) | Randomized | - | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | - |
| ADT group | 37(44) | 23 | 21(32) | 19 | 32(36) | 19(21) | 50(82a) | 48(82a) | 69(77) | |
| CG - patients, no treatment | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | 42 | 75(82) | |
| CG - healthy | - | - | - | 15 | 18 | 21(24) | - | 15(20) | 74(82) | |
| ADT groups | Leuprolide | X | X | Not reported | X | - | X | X | X | Not reported |
| Cyproterone acetate | - | - | Not reported | - | X | - | X | X | Not reported | |
| Goserelin | - | - | Not reported | - | X | - | X | X | Not reported | |
| Age (whole sample) | 72 | 65 | 71 | 65 | 67 | 64 | 73 | 73 | 69 | |
| Education (year) | 14.9 | 8.5 | 15 | 16 | - | 16.9 | 9.1 | 10.1* | 16 | |
| Cognitive Measures | See text for RCI | - | - | X | X | X | - | X | - | X |
| Verbal memory | + | + | 0 |
 b
|
0 | 0 | ↑
|
 |
0 | |
| Visual memory | + | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | - | ↓ |  |
0 | |
| Spatial memory | - | 0 | - |  |
0 |  |
- | - | - | |
| Spatial ability | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | 0 |  |
- | - | ↓ | |
| Attention | - | 0 | - | 0 | - |  |
0 | 0 | ↓ | |
| Verbal fluency | - | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Processing speed | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | - | 0 |  |
0 | |
| Executive function | - | - | - | - | - |  |
0 | - | 0 | |
| Fine motor skills | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Working memory | - | 0 | 0 | - | 0 | - | - | - | ↓ | |
| Abstract reasoning | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Naming | - | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
Abbreviation: ADT, androgen deprivation therapy; RCI, reliable change index.
X: Category/heading applies to study.
+: Within subject improvement.
0: No effect.
↑↓: Trending effect of ADT, or effect seen in one, but not all assessments.
: Significant effect of ADT on cognitive domain (group differences).
−: Not measured.
a
Initial enrollment for each group not reported separately. Number reflects initial enrollment for all prostate cancer patients.
b
ADT group <65 years showed greater improvement following washout than controls.
*Significant difference between groups: healthy controls>patients.