Table 3. Summary of baseline values in studies examining measures of body composition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy of different durations compared with control groups with and without prostate cancer.
| Type of study | Time on ADT (month) at baseline | N | Age (y) | Baseline values | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Table 3A Body mass index (kg m−2) | |||||
| P-Long | 3.8 | 12 | 74 | 28.7 | Levy et al.,35 2008 |
| 24.6 | 23 | 71 | 29.6 | ||
| PCa-0 or HC | 13 | 67 | 28.7 | ||
| P-Long | 3.0 | 43 | 71 | 28.4 | van Londen et al.,105 2008 |
| 30.7 | 67 | 71 | 29.1 | ||
| PCa-0 | 81 | 67 | 28.3 | ||
| HC | 53 | 63 | 27.6 | ||
| P-Long | 0 | 32 | 66 | 26.9 | Smith et al.,104 2002 |
| P-Long | 0 | 79 | 71 | 28.4 | Smith et al.,129 2004 |
| P-Long | 0 | 35 | 75 | 25.9 | Berruti et al.,106 2002 |
| 11.6 | 50 | 73 | 25.3 | Denti et al.,130 1996 | |
| HC | 58 | 74 | 24.4 | ||
| P-Long | 0 | 10 | 74 | 25.2 | Tayek et al.,131 1990 |
| P-Long | PCa-0 | 18 | 67 | 24.7 | Nowicki et al.,132 2001 |
| P-Long | 0 | 25 | 68 | 29.1 | Smith et al.,107 2006 |
| P-Long | 0-12 | 26 | 65 | 27.1 | Smith et al.,100 2008 |
| P-Long | 0 | 62 | 69 | 25.4 | Stone et al.,25 2000 |
| RCT | 18.2 | 29 | 70 | 27.4 | Galvao et al.,92 2010 |
| 10.1 | 28 | 70 | 28.0 | ||
| RCT | 3 (median) | 120 | 72 | 28.8 | Ryan et al.,134 2007 |
| CS | 3.7 | 13 | 73 | 28.3 | Clay et al.,34 2007 |
| 30.7 | 42 | 74 | 28.1 | ||
| PCa-0 | 25 | 65 | 28.0 | ||
| HC | 20 | 69 | 27.6 | ||
| CS | >12 | 20 | 74 | 26.6 | Soyupek et al.,23 2008 |
| HC | 20 | 73 | 25.9 | ||
| CS | 45 | 20 | 70 | 29.6a | Basaria et al.,26 2002 |
| PCa-0 | 18 | 66 | 27.6 | ||
| HC | 20 | 69 | 24.7b | ||
| CS | <6 | 24 | 74 | 28.6 | Dacal et al.,109 2006 |
| ≥6 | 29 | 73 | 27.4 | ||
| PCa-0 | 23 | 64 | 28.5 | ||
| HC | 20 | 64 | 26.9 | ||
| CS | 12-60 | 62 | 74 | 27.4a | Chen et al.,101 2002 |
| HC | 47 | 73 | 25.8a | ||
| CS | >6 | 30 | 72 | 26.8 | Boxer et al.,96 2005 |
| HC | 25 | 75 | 26.1 | ||
| CS | PCa-0 | 11 | 69 | 28.4 | Maturo et al.,110 2003 |
| HC | 11 | 70 | 27.6 | ||
| CS | >6 | 63 | 68 | 28.7 | Culos-Reed et al.,36 2010 |
| CS | 41 | 19 | 72a | 28.0 | Stoch et al.,1 2001 |
| PCa-0 | 41 | 70b | 26.6 | ||
| HC | 197 | 66a,b | 27.9 | ||
| CS | PCa-0 | 155 | 68 | 28.8 | Segal et al.,117 2003 |
| CS | 37 | 10 | 70 | 28.0 | Galvao et al.,37 2006 |
| Table 3B Percent Lean body mass | |||||
| P-Long | 3.8 | 12 | 74 | 70.9 | Levy et al.,35 2008 |
| 24.6 | 23 | 71 | 65.6 | ||
| PCa-0 or HC | 13 | 67 | 72.3 | ||
| P-Long | 65a | 66 | 69.7 | Lee et al.,99 2005 | |
| P-Long | 3.0 | 43 | 71 | 69.9 | van Londen et al.,105 2008 |
| 30.7 | 67 | 71 | 65.9 | ||
| PCa-0 | 81 | 67 | 70.3 | ||
| HC | 53 | 63 | 71.6 | ||
| P-Long | 0 | 32 | 66 | 70.3 | Smith et al.,104 2002 |
| P-Long | PCa | 79 | 71 | 68.7 | Smith et al.,103 2004 |
| P-Long | 0 | 72 | 74 | 55.8 kg | Galvao et al.,95 2008 |
| P-Long | 0 | 35 | 75 | 68.5 | Berruti et al.,106 2002 |
| P-Long | 0 | 25 | 68 | 68.1 | Smith et al.,107 2006 |
| RCT | 18.2 | 29 | 70 | 69.5 | Galvao et al.,92 2010 |
| 10.1 | 28 | 70 | 69.5 | ||
| CS | 3.7 | 13 | 73 | 71.1c | Clay et al.,34 2007 |
| 30.7 | 42 | 74 | 66.7a–c | ||
| PCa-0 | 25 | 65 | 71.1a | ||
| HC | 20 | 69 | 71.2a | ||
| CS | <6 | 24 | 74 | 68.1 | Dacal et al.,109 2006 |
| ≥6 | 29 | 73 | 66.8 | ||
| P<0.01 for ADT groups vs. no ADT groups | |||||
| PCa-0 | 23 | 64 | 70.7 | ||
| HC | 20 | 64 | 72.2 | ||
| CS | 12-60 | 62 | 74 | 64.2 | Chen et al.,101 2005 |
| HC | 47 | 73 | 70.6 | ||
| CS | >6 | 30 | 72 | 53.3 | Boxer et al.,96 2005 |
| HC | 25 | 75 | 54.3 | ||
| CS | PCa-0 | 11 | 69 | 65.1a | Maturo et al.,110 2003 |
| HC | 11 | 70 | 67.3a | ||
| CS | 41 | 19 | 72a | 71.0 | Stoch et al.,1 2001 |
| PCa-0 | 41 | 70a | 75.0 | ||
| HC | 197 | 66a,b | NA | ||
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (kg) | |||||
| P-Long | 0 | 72 | 74 | 23.4 | Galvao et al.,95 2008 |
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASM Ht−2) | |||||
| CS | >6 | 30 | 72 | 7.5 | Boxer et al.,96 2005 |
| HC | 25 | 75 | 7.5 | ||
| Table 3C Percent relative body fat</emph> | |||||
| P-Long | 3.8 | 12 | 74 | 26.5 | Levy et al.,35 2008 |
| 24.6 | 23 | 71 | 31.6 | ||
| PCa-0 or HC | 13 | 67 | 24.7 | ||
| P-Long | 35 | 65d | 66 | 27.1 | Lee et al.,99 2005 |
| P-Long | 0 | 26 | 65 | 25.1 | Smith et al.,112 2004 |
| P-Long | 0 | 25 | 68 | 28.7 | Smith et al.,107 2006 |
| P-Long | 0 | 79 | 71 | 28.0 | Smith et al.,103 2004 |
| P-Long | 3.0 | 43 | 71 | 27.1 | van Londen et al.,105 2008 |
| 30.7 | 67 | 71 | 31.4 | ||
| 0 | 81 | 67 | 26.7 | ||
| HC | 53 | 63 | 25.1 | ||
| P-Long | 0 | 32 | 66 | 26.4 | Smith et al.,104 2002 |
| P-Long | 0 | 72 | 74 | 25.8 | Galvao et al.,95 2008 |
| P-Long | 0 | 35 | 75 | 24.7 | Berruti et al.,106 2002 |
| P-Long | >6 | 30 | 72 | 29.8a | Boxer et al.,96 2005 |
| HC | 25 | 75 | 26.6a | ||
| RCT | 18.2 | 29 | 70 | 27.5 | Galvao et al.,92 2010 |
| 10.1 | 28 | 70 | 27.3 | ||
| CS | 3.7 | 13 | 73 | 26.2c | Clay et al.,34 2007 |
| 30.7 | 42 | 74 | 30.5a–c | ||
| PCa-0 | 25 | 65 | 25.9a | ||
| HC | 20 | 69 | 25.6b | ||
| CS | 45 | 20 | 70 | 32.2a,b | Basaria et al.,26 2002 |
| PCa-0 | 18 | 66 | 26.2a | ||
| HC | 20 | 69 | 22.4b | ||
| CS | <6 | 24 | 74 | 29.0 | Dacal et al.,109 2006 |
| ≥6 | 29 | 73 | 30.2 | ||
| P<0.01 for ADT groups vs. no ADT groups | |||||
| PCa-0 | 23 | 64 | 26.3 | ||
| HC | 20 | 64 | 24.6 | ||
| CS | 12-60 | 62 | 74 | 30.2a | Chen et al.,101 2002 |
| HC | 47 | 73 | 25.7a | ||
| CS | PCa-0 | 11 | 69 | 29.5 | Maturo et al.,110 2003 |
| HC | 11 | 70 | 29.6 | ||
| CS | 41 | 19 | 72a | 29 | Stoch et al.,1 2001 |
| PCa-0 | 41 | 70b | 25 | ||
| HC | 197 | 66a,b | NA | ||
| CS | 37 | 10 | 70 | 30.7 | Galvao et al.,37 2006 |
Abbreviations: ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; ASM Ht−2, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, ASM divided by height squared; CS, cross-sectional; HC, healthy control; PCa-0, patients with PCa but not using ADT; P-Long, prospective-longitudinal; RCT, randomized controlled trial.
Identical symbols represent significant differences between groups within a study.
35% of the 65 subjects had received GnRH agonist treatment for 35 months before entry into study. The remainder began ADT and continued treatment over the 12-month study duration.