Table 5. Metrics and equipment used to assess muscle function, physical performance and body composition in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy.

Measure	Equipment
Muscle strength
1-RM or3-RM	Plate loaded, selectorized or pneumatic weight machines; free weights. Exercises for major muscle groups of upper and lower extremity, e.g., chest/bench press and leg press or leg extension
Grip strength
Sum both hands	Hand grip dynamometer
Repetitions to failure—70%–80%	Plate loaded, selectorized or pneumatic weight machines; free weights. Exercises for major muscle groups of upper and lower extremity, e.g., chest/bench press and leg press or leg extension
1-RM or 3-RM
Grip endurance	Hand grip dynamometer
Repetitions to failure at 50%–70% maximal force OR time to failure while sustaining 50%–50% max force
SPPB	4-m measured course, armless chair, stopwatch
4-, 6-, 400-m, 6-min walk tests	Accurately measured course, stopwatch or timing system. For 400-m and 6-MWT, at least 20-m per lap
Chair stands	Armless chair and stopwatch
Timed up-and-go	Armless chair, stopwatch or timing system
Stair climb	Staircase and timing system
Body mass	Calibrated scale
BMI	Calibrated scale and stadiometer
Lean mass and fat mass	DEXAa
Skeletal muscle mass	DEXAa
Appendicular skeletal mass	DEXAa
Skin fold thickness	Skinfold calipers
Waist circumference	Tape measure
Appendicular skeletal mass index (ASM Ht−2)	DEXAa and stadiometer
Visceral fat area	DEXAa

^aDEXA is the preferred instrument for assessing body composition. If unavailable, BIA may offer a reliable index of change but has greater error in assessing absolute values.