Assays used to evaluate sperm DNA fragmentation and measurement technologies that can be used. AOT, acridine orange test; COMET, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay; FC, flow cytometry; FM, fluorescence microscopy; ISNT, in situ nick translation; SCD, sperm chromatin dispersion test; SCSA, sperm chromatin structure assay; TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein-dUTP nick-end labelling.