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Relation of early-life tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α groups to lung function assessed at age 9. Mean and SEM FEV1/FVC ratio for the children in the TNF-α high/high group (subjects with high values at both cord and 3 mo) compared with all others (with at least one value at cord and 3 mo) are shown for lung function assessments performed before and after bronchodilator (two puffs albuterol). The P values are based on Student unpaired t test.
