Peritoneal macrophages prepared from mice were identified using an immunocytochemical confocal analysis of the F4/80 protein, a macrophage-specific marker (A, top panel). After exposure to 100 ng/ml LPS for 1, 3, and 6 h, the levels of IL-1β mRNA in primary macrophages were quantified using a real-time PCR analysis (A, bottom panel). The amounts of IL-1β protein were determined using ELISA (B). The transactivation activity of GATA-2 was assayed using an EMSA analysis (C). Primary macrophages were treated with LPS, GATA-2 siRNA, and a combination of GATA-2 siRNA and LPS, and IL-1β mRNA were quantified (D). The immunoblotting, confocal, and DNA-protein binding results shown are a representative of 6 experiments, and the other statistically analyzed results are a compilation of 6 replications. Each value represents the mean ± SD. An asterisk (*) and pound sign (#) respectively indicate that the value significantly (p < 0.05) differed from the respective control and LPS-treated group.